小麦全产业链环节的成本收益研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:20

本文选题：小麦 + 产业链　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：粮食商品生产出来以后,通过交换,实现从生产领域向消费领域转移,这种流通过程是以货币为媒介,借助货币流通职能和支付职能来实现的。粮食流通是整个社会商品流通的组成部分,其生产的区域性和分布的不均衡特点决定了随着市场的发展,粮食流通将会不断增加。粮食从生产到消费,中间经历了生产、加工、销售等多环节多过程,其价格的形成过程、传导机制、涨跌环节、波动原因及利益流向,是一个涉及面广、影响因素多的复杂问题。作为三大主粮之一的小麦在黄淮海平原的产量约占小麦总产量的75%,选取此区域的小麦流通作为研究对象,具有很强的代表性。小麦全产业链的研究对于粮食流通产业的发展及国家粮食安全具有重要意义,同时产业链成本收益中存在的一些问题,也是2014年国家粮食安全新战略中需解决的问题。关于小麦从“田间到餐桌”的研究不多,本文以小麦主产区生产、流通、加工及主销区零售产业链为主线,通过实地调研小麦的生产环节、流通环节,向下跟踪到面粉加工企业和北京的大型超市及农贸批发市场获得的数据,从单位及年化两个角度分析了产业链各环节的成本收益状况,分析得出：从单位成本收益方面分析知生产环节的成本收益都是最高的,加工环节的成本投入位居其次,但其利润较低；将流通量及流通周期因素引入之后,生产环节的成本投入及利润最低,加工环节的成本投入及利润最高,流通环节中大型粮贩依靠价格差异的信息流赚取高额利润,而一道粮贩及基层粮站的收益相对来说则较少；利润在各流通主体之间的分配是不均衡的,农民无法享受到小麦在流通过程中的价值增值部分。主要原因在于小麦生产具有季节性和周期性,消费则是具有稳定性和均衡性,而流通和零售的产业经营则具有常态性和高风险。小麦现金成本的主要影响因素是单产、价格、直接费用、间接费用,尤其是单产及价格对现金收益的影响最大,价格及单产的提高对现金收益的正向影响大于成本上升对现金收益的负向影响。但是从实际情况来说,成本的快速增长还是压缩了小麦的利润空问,粮食涨价带来的好处基本被成本的增加抵消掉了。通过小麦价格波动幅度及变异系数的分析得知,小麦全产业链整体处于低风险及低报酬的状态。最后,在前文所做分析的基础上,并结合实际状况,提出缩减各环节成本、提高收益的政策建议,针对全产业链整体微利的行业情况,从全产业链角度出发,提出提高其整体收益及平衡各环节收益的政策建议。
[Abstract]:After the grain commodity is produced, it transfers from the production field to the consumption field through the exchange. This circulation process is realized by the currency as the medium, with the help of the currency circulation function and the payment function. Grain circulation is an integral part of the circulation of commodities in the whole society. With the development of the market, the distribution of grain will increase with the development of the market. From production to consumption, grain has experienced many processes, such as production, processing, and sales. Its price formation process, transmission mechanism, ups and downs, fluctuation causes and benefit flow are a wide range. A complex problem with many factors affecting it. As one of the three main grains, the yield of wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain accounts for about 75% of the total yield of wheat. The circulation of wheat in this area is chosen as the research object, which has strong representativeness. The research of wheat whole industry chain is of great significance to the development of grain circulation industry and national food security. Meanwhile, some problems existing in the cost and income of industry chain are also the problems to be solved in the new strategy of national food security in 2014. There are few researches on wheat from "field to table". In this paper, the production, circulation, processing and retail industry chain of wheat main production area are taken as the main line, and the production link and circulation link of wheat are investigated on the spot. By tracking down the data obtained from flour processing enterprises, large supermarkets in Beijing and agricultural and trade wholesale markets, the cost and income status of each link in the industrial chain is analyzed from the perspective of unit and annualization. The analysis shows that the cost and benefit of the production link are the highest, the cost input of the processing link is the second, but its profit is lower, and the circulation flux and circulation cycle factor are introduced, after the analysis of the unit cost and income, the cost and income of the production link are all the highest. The cost input and profit of the production link is the lowest, the cost input and profit of the processing link is the highest, the large grain vendor in the circulation link earns the high profit by the information flow of the price difference, but the income of a grain vendor and the basic grain station is relatively less; The distribution of profit among different circulation bodies is not balanced, and farmers can not enjoy the value increment part of wheat circulation. The main reason is that wheat production has seasonality and periodicity, consumption has stability and equilibrium, and circulation and retail industry management has normality and high risk. The main influencing factors of wheat cash cost are single yield, price, direct cost, indirect cost, especially unit yield and price. The positive effect of price and unit yield on cash income is greater than the negative effect of cost increase on cash income. But in practice, rapid cost growth has squeezed wheat profits, and the benefits of higher food prices have been largely offset by higher costs. Through the analysis of the fluctuation range and coefficient of variation of wheat price, it is found that the whole wheat industry chain is in the state of low risk and low reward. Finally, on the basis of the previous analysis and combined with the actual situation, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to reduce the cost of each link and increase the income, aiming at the whole industry situation of the whole industry chain, from the angle of the whole industry chain. Put forward the policy suggestions to improve its overall income and balance the benefits of each link.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F326.11;F302.6

【参考文献】