科学知识社会学视域中的曹操墓真伪之争

发布时间：2018-03-01 13:25

本文关键词： 科学知识社会学科学争论曹操墓真伪之争利益　出处：《河南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代以来，科学知识社会学（SSK）是在继默顿范式之后于STS研究领域处于主流地位的理论流派。SSK强调科学知识的建构是一个社会过程，尤其关注科学知识与其社会文化和背景之间的相互关系，它的全部工作的旨趣在于说明科学的认识因素与社会因素的结合，在于说明科学知识的形成过程以及科学知识成果包含着社会的内容。科学知识社会学用建构论的思想解释科学知识的形成。英国SSK学者最早以科学争论研究作为他们的研究场点，这些研究视野非常开阔，便于观察科学知识的形成过程，并且易于揭示科学的社会本性。SSK以科学争论作为它重要的研究场点，用以表述其相对主义和社会建构论的知识主张。科学争论研究是科学知识社会学实现其研究目标的不可或缺的途径。 2009年底，“发现曹操墓”的消息引发了一场关于考古科学的争论，众多学者、专家卷入这场争论中。从时间上看曹操墓真伪之争可以分为三个阶段，反映了争论的逐步深入。在对西高穴大墓长期的争论中，对“魏武王”称谓的质疑是贯穿争论始末的问题。而这一问题的实质还是曹操墓的真与假的问题。曹操墓真伪之争从“是与否”的争论热潮最后上升到学术真假问题的争论，，而学术真假问题是涉及学术规范和专家的学术道德的社会问题。曹操墓真伪之争既是关于科学事实争论也包括关于科学理论的争论。本文利用SSK积累的丰富的案例研究成果，针对曹操墓真伪之争的内容、特征以及争论的过程进行探析，思考争论带给我们的启示。在曹操墓真伪之争中，可以看到诸多的争论集团。通过争论集团的显现，用科学知识社会学的利益理论阐释曹操墓真伪之争的动因便显得非常自洽。把“利益”当作一种解释源泉，对科学知识的延展和应用及其与科学主体的目标之间的关系进行社会学的因果说明，以揭示社会因素对知识形成过程的重要影响。以SSK的视角看曹操墓真伪之争带给我们深深的启发。曹操墓真伪之争论既彰显了科学的内在价值与社会价值的统一；也体现了在科学与社会互动以及学术交流过程中个人利益的消解，促进客观理论成果的生成。在科学广泛地应用于当今社会的背景下，实现科学家精神气质的内化是其有效地进行自我约束的应然。要尽可能地净化科学研究环境，避免和减少各种利益对科学活动的负面影响，让科学更好地服务于社会。
[Abstract]:Since 1970s, the Sociology of Scientific knowledge (SSK) has been a mainstream school of theory in the field of STS after Merton's paradigm. SSK emphasizes that the construction of scientific knowledge is a social process. Paying particular attention to the interrelationship between scientific knowledge and its sociocultural and background, the whole purpose of its work is to illustrate the combination of scientific cognitive and social factors, The purpose is to explain the forming process of scientific knowledge and the social content of scientific knowledge. The sociology of scientific knowledge explains the formation of scientific knowledge with the idea of constructivism. SSK scholars in England first used scientific debate as the. Their research site, These studies have very broad horizons, facilitate observation of the formation of scientific knowledge, and are easy to reveal the social nature of science. SSK uses scientific debate as its important research site. The scientific argument is an indispensable way for the sociology of scientific knowledge to achieve its research goal. In end of 2009, the news of "the discovery of Cao Cao's Tomb" triggered a debate about archaeological science, in which many scholars and experts were involved. In time, the dispute over the authenticity of Cao Cao's tomb can be divided into three stages. Reflecting the gradual deepening of the debate. In the long debate over the Great Tomb of the West Gaocao Cave, The question of the title of "King of Wei Wu" is a question running through the beginning and end of the debate. The essence of this question is still the question of the truth or falsehood of Cao Cao's tomb. The controversy over the authenticity and falsehood of Cao Cao's tomb has finally risen from the "yes or not" debate to the debate on academic truth and falsehood. The problem of academic truth and falsehood is a social problem involving academic norms and experts' academic morality. The controversy over Cao Cao's tomb is not only about scientific facts but also about scientific theory. This paper makes use of the rich case study results accumulated by SSK. Based on the analysis of the contents, characteristics and the process of the dispute over Cao Cao's tomb authenticity, the author thinks about the enlightenment brought to us by the controversy. In the dispute over the tomb authenticity of Cao Cao, we can see many debate groups. Through the emergence of the controversy group, Using the interest theory of sociology of scientific knowledge to explain the motive of the dispute over Cao Cao's tomb is very self-consistent. "interest" is regarded as a source of explanation. In order to reveal the important influence of social factors on the process of knowledge formation, the relationship between the extension and application of scientific knowledge and the objective of scientific subject is explained by sociology. From the perspective of SSK, the controversy over the authenticity of Cao Cao's tomb brings us deep inspiration. The controversy over the truth and falsehood of Cao Cao's tomb not only reveals the unity of the intrinsic value of science and the value of society; It also reflects the elimination of personal interests in the process of interaction between science and society and academic exchange, and promotes the formation of objective theoretical achievements. To realize the internalization of scientists' spiritual temperament is the necessary way for them to effectively restrict themselves. It is necessary to purify the scientific research environment as much as possible, to avoid and reduce the negative effects of various interests on scientific activities, and to make science serve the society better.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K878.8

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