陕北靖边五庄果墚遗址龙山时代早期人骨及相关考古学问题的研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 17:26

本文选题：五庄果墚遗址　切入点：龙山时代早期　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：五庄果墚遗址所处的地理位置以及遗址中出土的龙山时代早期人骨的埋葬方式均具有特殊性。因此,对这批人骨的种族类型以及灰坑的性质进行研究将有助于我们更为深入地了解当时人们的体质特征和社会生活状况。本文运用体质人类学形态观察、测量技术的方法以及统计学的方法,从性别年龄、骨骼的病理与创伤、身高的推算、种族类型等多个方面对五庄果墚遗址龙山时代早期人骨进行体质人类学考察,从中获得了一些重要的信息及结论。同时,本文在体质人类学研究结果的基础上,结合了相关考古学文化背景资料,对AH1的性质及灰坑中埋葬死者的死亡原因进行了合理的推论和阐释。最终得出以下两个最重要的结论：第一,五庄果墚遗址古代居民在人种分类上与现代亚洲蒙古人种的东亚类型最接近,同时与东北亚类型、南亚类型存在一定的联系。与各近代组的比较中,这批居民同样是与华北组、华南组所代表的东亚蒙古人种类型最接近,其次接近因纽特组、楚克奇(河滨)组所代表的东北亚类型。与新石器时代古代组比较结果表明其与西夏侯组、柳湾合并组、尉迟寺组的关系较为接近,其次是姜家梁组。与青铜至铁器时代古代组比较结果显示其与梁带村组、神木新华组关系最为密切,其次是上马组、瓦窑沟组、李家山组。从中可以看出,五庄果墚组居民在体质特征上最接近东亚蒙古人种类型,与新石器时代黄河中游地区的仰韶合并组、庙底沟组、陶寺组等存在一定的差异。第二,通过研究考古学相关资料,并且依据出土人骨的葬式,结合骨骼上未发现创伤的痕迹等因素,本文最终认为五庄果墚遗址AH1很可能为一个祭祀坑,而灰坑中的22个死者可能为献祭的人牲。
[Abstract]:The geographical location of Wuzhuang Guoliang ruins and the burial methods of the bones of the early Longshan period unearthed in the ruins are all special. The study of the ethnic type of the bones and the nature of the ash pits will help us to better understand the physical characteristics and social life conditions of the people at that time. This paper uses morphological observation, measurement techniques and statistical methods of physical anthropology to calculate sex and age, bone pathology and trauma, height. The physical anthropology of human bones in the early Longshan period of Wuzhuangguoliang site has been investigated from many aspects, such as ethnic types, and some important information and conclusions have been obtained. At the same time, on the basis of the research results of physical anthropology, Combining with the relevant archaeological cultural background, the author makes a reasonable inference and explanation of the nature of AH1 and the causes of death of the dead buried in the ash pits. Finally, the following two most important conclusions are drawn:. First, the ancient inhabitants of Wuzhuangguoliang site are most closely related to the East Asian type of modern Asian Mongolian race, and to the types of Northeast Asia and South Asia. This group of residents is the same as the North China group. The South China group represents the closest type of East Asian Mongolian race, followed by the Inuit formation. Compared with the ancient Neolithic formation, the Chukchi (Riverside) formation has a close relationship with the West Xia Hou formation, the Liuwan combined formation and the Weijiesi formation. The second is the Jiangjialiang formation. Compared with the ancient Bronze to Iron Age formation, the results show that it is most closely related to the Liangbancun formation and Shenmu Xinhua formation, followed by the Shangma formation, the Wayaogou formation, and the Lijiashan formation. The residents of the Wuzhuang Guoliang formation are the closest to the East Asian Mongolian ethnic group in terms of physical characteristics, which are different from the Yangshao combined formation, the Miaodigou formation and the Taosi formation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the Neolithic Age. Secondly, by studying the archaeological data, and according to the burial style of the unearthed human bones and the factors such as no trace of trauma found on the bones, this paper concludes that AH1 at Wuzhuangguoliang site is likely to be a sacrificial pit. Twenty-two of the dead in the ash pits may be sacrificial animals.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K878;Q981

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