鄂伦春族民间造型传统与现状研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 10:05

本文选题：民间造型 + 剪样　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随世界经济一体化的发展，全球各类型的文化正在相互融合。这对很多小民族的传统文化传承产生了巨大影响。鄂伦春族地处我国北疆，人口稀少。1953年到今天的50多年时间里经历了狩猎、农耕、多种经营等生产方式变迁，随着自然环境、社会发展等因素的影响。他们的传统文化同样面临着消亡和快速流变的问题。这里气候寒冷，自然条件恶劣，生存问题是头等大事，他们在与自然界的竞争中形成了适于环境的生存与信仰的文化习俗。所以生存繁衍成为其文化核心，在一切实用文化上也都注入这种精神寄托。鄂伦春的民间造型为物质形式的精神载体，可以成为我们探求其本源文化的重要内容。本文调查的范围主要是大兴安岭的十八站乡、白银纳乡。笔者通过田野调查发现，鄂伦春族的传统民间造型同其他民族的民间造型相比具有本民族鲜明的个性特征，这种特征的形成与它的生存环境和生存方式密切相关。随着民族交融的加速以及对当地自然资源的持续开发，这里的自然环境和社会环境都发生了巨大改变。受此影响，这里的传统造型在适应社会发展，同时也出现了技艺失传和传统纹样迅速更新的情况。鄂伦春族传统民间造型非常丰富。桦树皮、曲柳木、樟松等为原料可制作各类生存用具。如：桦皮船、木刀、神偶等，现已不多见。狍皮、鹿皮等兽皮可做各类传统服饰。传统服装、鞋帽的板式和纹饰幸运的依靠衣服版样传承至今。版样以民间剪纸、绘画、刺绣的形式存在，并不断随着外来图案的融入发生着变化。桦树皮、樟松树皮可以剪或刻出各种玩具造型，有人、动物和撮罗子等。这些造型体现出了先民们敏感和丰富的造型本能，现今这种玩具濒临失传。为适应经济社会的发展，年轻人不愿再延续父辈的生存道路，他们正在传统与现代中徘徊。基于上述原因，本文要研究两个问题：一是通过调查，总结出鄂伦春族传统民间造型种类特征及民俗内涵；二是通过对个案调查研究，梳理出鄂伦春族传统民间造型的传承现状，并总结影响传承的不同因素。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic integration, all kinds of cultures in the world are merging with each other. This has had a great impact on the traditional cultural heritage of many small nationalities. The Oroqun nationality is located in the north of our country and has a small population. In the more than 50 years from 1953 to today, it has experienced the changes of production modes such as hunting, farming and diversified management, and with the influence of natural environment, social development and other factors. Their traditional culture is also faced with the problem of extinction and rapid change. The climate is cold, the natural conditions are bad, the survival problem is the top priority, they in the competition with nature to form a suitable environment for the survival and belief of the cultural customs. Therefore, survival and reproduction become the core of its culture, and all practical cultures are infused with this kind of spiritual sustenance. The folk form of Oroqun is the spiritual carrier of material form, which can become the important content of our seeking its original culture. The scope of this investigation is mainly 18 stations in Daxing'an Mountains, Baiyin Na Township. Through field investigation, the author finds that the traditional folk modeling of Oroqian nationality has its own distinctive personality characteristics compared with those of other nationalities, and the formation of this characteristic is closely related to its living environment and way of existence. With the acceleration of ethnic blending and the sustainable development of local natural resources, the natural and social environments have undergone tremendous changes. Affected by this, the traditional modeling here adapts to the development of society, at the same time, it also appears the situation of lost skill and rapid updating of the traditional pattern. Oroqian traditional folk modeling is very rich. Birch bark, willow wood, camphor pine as raw materials can be made of various survival appliances. Such as: birch ship, wooden knife, god, and so on, is now rare. Roe deer skin, deer skin and other skins can be made into all kinds of traditional clothing. Traditional clothing, shoes and hats of the plate and decoration lucky to rely on clothing version of the inheritance. Version of the sample to folk paper-cut, painting, embroidery in the form of, and constantly changing with the integration of foreign patterns. Birch bark, camphor bark can be cut or carved out of a variety of toy shapes, people, animals and pinnacles, and so on. These shapes reflect the ancestors sensitive and rich modeling instinct, now this toy is on the verge of loss. In order to adapt to the economic and social development, young people do not want to continue the survival of their parents, they are wandering in the traditional and modern. Based on the above reasons, this paper will study two problems: first, through the investigation, summed up the Oroqian traditional folk modeling characteristics and folklore connotation; second, through the case study, Combing out the status quo of the traditional folk modeling of Oroqian nationality, and summarizing the different factors that affect the inheritance.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J528

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