河北曲阳北岳庙动物病害调查与防治对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 20:46

本文选题：北岳庙 + 动物病害　；参考：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年04期

【摘要】：鸽子和蝙蝠的活动与排泄物污染是威胁北岳庙德宁之殿古建筑与古壁画安全的关键因素。本研究首先开展了德宁之殿动物病害现状调查,利用安防监控系统监测了大殿内蝙蝠的夜间活动特点,使用观鸟望远镜观测了鸽子的白天活动规律,并测定了病害动物排泄物的酸碱度和易溶盐含量。针对德宁之殿当前的动物病害问题,引入超声波驱赶法对大殿内病害动物进行驱逐,结合数字式声级计和单位面积蝙蝠排泄物重量变化对驱赶效果做出判定。结果表明:有近千只蝙蝠和数百只鸽子在德宁之殿内、外频繁活动;蝙蝠尿液呈酸性,富含硝酸盐和硫酸盐,其粪便为碱性,硝酸盐含量较高;鸽子粪便内含有较高的硝酸盐;病害动物排泄物易造成古壁画原有保存微环境改变,产生病害。安装超声波动物驱赶器后,大殿内蝙蝠平均活动时间缩短,活动强度受到了明显抑制,活动区单位面积内排泄物重量降低;大殿外鸽子也受到了驱赶器的影响,延迟返巢。超声波驱赶法在古建筑蝙蝠与鸽子病害防治过程中具有一定优势,同时有必要实施其它物理防治和机械防治等主动干预措施,以进一步提高综合防治效率。
[Abstract]:The activity and fecal pollution of dove and bats is a key factor that threatens the safety of ancient buildings and ancient wall paintings in the temple of the temple of North Yue Temple. First, the present investigation of the animal disease in the Dian hall was carried out. The night activity characteristics of the bats in the hall were monitored by the security monitoring system, so that the daytime activities of dove were observed with the bird watching telescope. According to the current animal diseases in the temple of deing, the ultrasonic driving method was introduced to expel the disease animals in the main hall, and the driving effect was determined by the digital sound level meter and the weight change of the unit area bat excreta. The results showed that there were nearly 1000. Bats and hundreds of dove in the palace of DIN, frequent activity; the urine of bats is acidic, rich in nitrate and sulphate, its feces are alkaline, the content of nitrate is high; the feces of dove contain high nitrate; the excrement of the disease animal is easy to cause the original preservation microenvironment to change and produce disease. After the apparatus, the average activity time of bats in the main hall was shortened, the activity intensity was obviously suppressed, the weight of excreta in the area of the active area was reduced, and the dove was also affected by the drive and delayed the return of the nest. The ultrasonic driving method has some advantages in the process of preventing and controlling the disease of the ancient building bats and dove, and it is necessary to implement the others. Active intervention measures such as physical control and mechanical control to further improve the efficiency of comprehensive prevention and control.
【作者单位】：国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心;甘肃省古代壁画与土遗址保护重点实验室;古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地;敦煌研究院保护研究所;北岳庙文物保管所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(31070344;31260136) 国家文物局文物保护科学与技术研究课题资助(20110208)
【分类号】：K879.41

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