中国入境外国旅游流网络结构特征研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 17:20

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年以来,我国的入境旅游业经历了一个从无到有、从小到大的快速发展过程,2010年,中国已经成为世界第三大入境旅游目的地国家。入境外国旅游流是我国入境旅游流中的重要组成部分,但是,中国入境外国旅游流的空间分布极不均衡,集中分布在东部沿海地区,主要是京津冀、长三角、珠三角等地区,其他地区的入境外国旅游流分布较少,地区之间入境外国旅游业发展很不平衡,使得整个中国的入境外国旅游流空间结构极不合理。本文主要采用社会网络分析方法和问卷调查法对中国入境外国旅游流网络进行了定量化的研究。主要研究目的是：①应用社会网络分析法相关指标对中国入境外国旅游流网络的性质和结构特征进行研究,揭示各城市节点在中国入境外国旅游流网络中所处的地位和发挥的主要功能；②通过应用城市对相关理论揭示中国入境外国旅游流空间分布的不平衡现象；③研究提出拓展中国入境外国市场的一系列对策,为国家旅游部门和地方旅游部门制定入境旅游业发展政策和措施提供理论指导。本研究的主要结论如下：①对入境外国游客的抽样调查数据显示：北京、上海、广州等三个城市是我国最重要的三大出入境口岸,北京、上海、广州和香港等4个城市是我国入境外国旅游的4大口岸城市。②在以断点值为3和7的入境外国旅游流网络中,北京的中心性、中介性等指标值均处于最高水平,是我国入境外国旅游流网络的中心。③中国入境外国旅游流网络属于典型的“核心-边缘”网络结构,其成员可划分为三个层次：第一层次为整个中国入境旅游流网络中的核心成员,包括澳门、北京、成都、广州、桂林、杭州、昆明、厦门、上海、苏州、西安和香港等12个城市节点；第二层次则为次级核心城市节点,包括大连、大同、九寨沟、开封、乐山、南京、深圳、武汉等8个城市节点;其余城市节点是中国入境外国旅游流网络中的第三层次,为边缘成员。④在入境旅游流网络的整体特征方面,断点值为3的入境外国旅游流网络和断点值为7的入境外国旅游流网络均存在网络密度低、内部紧密程度低的特点,入境旅游流分布不均衡且具有围绕部分核心城市集聚或扩散的明显趋势。⑤北京、上海、广州和香港是入境外国游客出入境中国的口岸节点,西安、桂林是入境外国游客在中国流动的枢纽节点,成都是入境外国游客向四川其他旅游目的地流动的中转节点,北京、上海、广州属于复合型节点,既是口岸,也是旅游流的集散枢纽和中转节点。杭州、苏州和上海是长三角地区的枢纽节点,广州、深圳和香港是珠三角地区的枢纽节点,昆明是西南地区的中转节点。⑥中国入境外国旅游流地理分布与入境旅游接待量空间分布联系极为紧密,特征为：我国入境旅游流地理分布总体上呈现出东部多、西部少,南方多,北方少的趋势,主要集中分布在长三角(以上海、苏州、杭州尤为集中)、珠三角、环渤海地区、西南地区等四大区域,东北、西北、青藏高原和内蒙古高原等区域入境外国旅游流分布较少；在分布城市层面上,入境外国旅游流流量大、频率高的城市是北京、上海、广州、西安、香港、成都、桂林、昆明、苏州和杭州等主要热点旅游城市;在城市之间的入境外国旅游流流动关系上北京-西安、上海-苏州、苏州-上海等城市对组合所占份额较高,热点旅游城市缺乏交流或者交流不密切的组合有：西安-广州、上海-成都、北京-昆明、北京-桂林、昆明-上海等城市对组合。本研究的主要创新之处是：①提出北京、上海、广州和香港等4个城市是入境外国旅游的4大口岸城市的结论。②根据社会网络结构指标对主要的城市节点进行了类型划分。③通过“核心-边缘关联缺失模型”多次拟合后确定中国入境外国旅游流网络为“核心-边缘”网络,并将网络城市节点划分为核心节点、次级核心节点和边缘节点三个层次。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China's inbound tourism industry has experienced a rapid development from scratch, from small to large. In 2010, China has become the third largest inbound tourism destination country in the world. Distribution is extremely unbalanced, concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, the distribution of inbound foreign tourism flow in other regions is less, the development of inbound foreign tourism between regions is very unbalanced, making the spatial structure of inbound foreign tourism flow in China is extremely unreasonable.
This paper makes a quantitative study on the network of inbound foreign tourist flows in China by using the methods of social network analysis and questionnaire survey. The main research purposes are as follows: 1. Applying the relevant indexes of social network analysis to study the nature and structural characteristics of the network of inbound foreign tourist flows in China, revealing the entry of each city node in China. The status and main functions of the foreign tourist flow network; 2. revealing the imbalance of spatial distribution of inbound foreign tourist flows in China by applying city-to-city theory; 3. studying and proposing a series of countermeasures to expand the inbound foreign market in China, and formulating inbound tourism development for the National Tourism Department and local tourism department Provide theoretical guidance for policies and measures.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The sampling survey data of inbound foreign tourists show that Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other three cities are the three most important inbound and outbound ports in China. 4 cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, are the four largest inbound foreign tourist ports in China. 2. Inbound foreign tourists with breakpoint values of 3 and 7. Beijing is the center of China's inbound foreign tourist flow network. 3. China's inbound foreign tourist flow network belongs to the typical "core-edge" network structure. Its members can be divided into three levels: the first level is the whole China's inbound tourist flow network. Core members, including Macao, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Guilin, Hangzhou, Kunming, Xiamen, Shanghai, Suzhou, Xi'an and Hong Kong, 12 urban nodes; the second level is the secondary core city nodes, including Dalian, Datong, Jiuzhaigou, Kaifeng, Leshan, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Wuhan and other eight urban nodes; the remaining urban nodes are China's inbound foreign tourism. The third level of the flow network is the marginal member. 4 In terms of the overall characteristics of the inbound tourist flow network, the inbound foreign tourist flow network with breakpoint value of 3 and the inbound foreign tourist flow network with breakpoint value of 7 have the characteristics of low network density and low internal compactness, and the inbound tourist flow distribution is not balanced and has the characteristics of surrounding some core cities. _Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong are the entry and exit of foreign tourists to China's port nodes, Xi'an, Guilin is the entry of foreign tourists in China's hub node, Chengdu is the transfer node of foreign tourists to other tourist destinations in Sichuan, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou is a complex type. Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai are the pivotal nodes in the Yangtze River Delta region, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong are the pivotal nodes in the Pearl River Delta region, and Kunming is the transit node in the southwest region. The geographical distribution of inbound tourist flows in China is very close, characterized by the following: on the whole, the inbound tourist flows tend to be more in the east, less in the west, more in the South and less in the north, mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta (especially in Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou), the Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim, Southwest China, Northeast, Northwest China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau, etc. The inbound foreign tourist flows are less distributed in the region; at the city level, the inbound foreign tourist flows are large and frequent in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Hong Kong, Chengdu, Guilin, Kunming, Suzhou and Hangzhou; and at the city level, the inbound foreign tourist flows between Beijing-Xi'an, Shanghai-Suzhou, etc. Cities such as Suzhou and Shanghai have a higher share of the portfolio, and hot tourist cities lack of exchanges or exchanges are: Xi'an-Guangzhou, Shanghai-Chengdu, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Guilin, Kunming-Shanghai and other cities.
The main innovations of this study are: (1) putting forward the conclusion that four cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, are the four major ports for inbound foreign tourism; (2) classifying the main urban nodes according to the structural index of social network; (3) defining China's inbound and outbound by fitting the "core-edge correlation missing model" many times. China's tourism flow network is a "core-edge" network, and the nodes of network cities are divided into three levels: core nodes, secondary core nodes and edge nodes.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F592;F224

【参考文献】