旅游洞穴灯光植物的危害与防治

发布时间：2018-11-12 09:38

【摘要】：旅游洞穴是一种非常重要的旅游资源,以其幽深、虚幻、神秘的特点对旅游者有着极大的吸引力。为保证游客的人身安全,方便其观赏洞内景观,旅游洞穴内都安装有照明设施。洞穴照明改变了洞穴环境,导致灯光植物在光源附近生长。灯光植物不属于旅游洞穴原生生态系统,它的出现会改变旅游洞穴原有沉积环境,影响洞穴景观发育；改变钟乳石颜色,降低美学价值；破坏洞穴景观,降低钟乳石硬度,导致其断裂和崩塌；改变洞穴生态系统和生命周期,不利于旅游洞穴的可持续发展。因此,对于旅游洞穴灯光植物的形成机理、危害和防治对策等的研究就成为旅游洞穴可持续发展的前提条件。本研究在对国内外相关文献研读的基础上,通过对我国部分旅游洞穴的实地调查,获得旅游洞穴灯光植物的生长条件、预防和治理等方面的基本认识。灯光植物在旅游洞穴内生长需满足以下条件：(1)植物孢子、种子经外力作用进入旅游洞穴空间：(2)旅游洞穴内有光源支持植物进行光合作用；(3)旅游洞穴内有充足的水分和养分；(4)旅游洞穴内具有适宜灯光植物生长的温度和二氧化碳。对于刚刚开发,且没有出现灯光植物的旅游洞穴,应采取以下措施进行预防：(1)控制植物孢子和种子进入旅游洞穴；(2)定期清理旅游洞穴内的垃圾和泥土,减少灯光植物生长所需养分；(3)改善旅游洞穴灯光光谱、光照度,减少洞穴内灯光的光照时间,以抑制或杀死灯光植物。对于已经生长了灯光植物的旅游洞穴,应采取物理方法、化学方法或其他方法消除灯光植物。其中,物理方法包括定期铲除和使用紫外光照射以消除灯光植物；化学方法主要是向灯光植物喷洒甲醛、除草剂、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、双氧水、漂白粉(次氯酸钠)等化学试剂,或用稀释的化学药水清洗,将灯光植物杀灭；其他方法主要是利用新的技术手段,如纳米Ti02光催化氧化技术治理灯光植物。
[Abstract]:Tourist cave is a very important tourist resource, which has great attraction to tourists because of its deep, illusory and mysterious characteristics. In order to ensure the personal safety of tourists and facilitate their viewing of the cave landscape, the tourist caves are equipped with lighting facilities. Cave lighting changes the cave environment, causing light plants to grow near the light source. Light plants do not belong to the primary ecosystem of tourist caves, but their appearance will change the original sedimentary environment of tourist caves, affect the development of cave landscape, change the color of stalactites and reduce the aesthetic value. Destroying the cave landscape, reducing the hardness of stalactite, leading to its fracture and collapse, changing the cave ecosystem and life cycle, is not conducive to the sustainable development of tourism caves. Therefore, the study on the formation mechanism, harm and control measures of light plants in tourist caves has become a prerequisite for the sustainable development of tourist caves. Based on the study of domestic and foreign literatures and field investigation of some tourist caves in China, the basic understanding of the growth conditions, prevention and control of light plants in tourist caves was obtained. The following conditions should be satisfied for the growth of light plants in tourist caves: (1) plant spores, seeds entering the tourist cave space by external force; (2) the light source in the tourist cave supports the photosynthesis of plants; (3) sufficient water and nutrients were found in the tourist cave, and (4) the temperature and carbon dioxide suitable for light plant growth were found in the tourist cave. The following measures should be taken to prevent the newly developed tourist caves without light plants: (1) controlling plant spores and seeds to enter tourist caves; (2) regular cleaning of garbage and soil in tourist caves to reduce nutrients needed for light plant growth; (3) improvement of light spectrum and illumination in tourist caves, and reduction of lighting time in caves in order to suppress or kill light plants. For tourist caves that have grown light plants, they should be eliminated by physical, chemical or other means. Among them, physical methods include regular eradication and use of ultraviolet light to eliminate light plants; Chemical methods are mainly spraying formaldehyde, herbicide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and other chemical reagents, or washing with diluted chemical solution to kill the light plant. Other methods mainly use new technology, such as nanometer Ti02 photocatalytic oxidation technology to treat light plants.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X959;Q948;F592

【参考文献】