西湖模式的意义及其对中国遗产旅游经济学的启示

发布时间：2018-12-24 09:44

【摘要】：文章首先分析西湖模式的制度内核及其6项意义,并与黄山模式详细比较,从而表明西湖模式基本正确处理遗产保护与旅游利用,公益性经营与营利性特许经营,政府—企业—社区、政府—企业—游客等关系,比较全面展现其经济、社会、文化和遗产保护以及政治的正面影响。其次,提炼西湖模式具有普适意义的三点启示,即制度平台选择的基础重要性,遗产服务的非营利性经营与遗产原真性和完整性保护原则,现时旅游经济学教科书用于指导中国遗产旅游的诸多缺失。这些缺失主要表现为:未能区别遗产与非遗产类旅游资源,未能接纳遗产的特殊产权性质,未能认识遗产保护的独特要求以及独特的可持续性理解,使得教科书难以正确处理门票、供需、游客权益以及旅游收益分配等问题。最后,提出创建中国遗产旅游经济学的概念性框架:①遗产旅游经济学的观念、概念和方法,应能与遗产经济学、文化经济学和旅游经济学"无缝对接";②对遗产地的遗产类资源与非遗产类资源给予有区别的恰当的旅游经济学处理;③在遵循遗产经济学和遗产保护原则基础上,重新处理遗产旅游涉及的各项问题。
[Abstract]:This paper first analyzes the institutional kernel of the West Lake Model and its six meanings, and compares it with the Huangshan Model in detail, so as to show that the West Lake Model basically correctly deals with heritage protection and tourism utilization, public welfare management and profit-making franchise. The government-business-community, government-business-tourist relationships are more comprehensive in showing positive economic, social, cultural and heritage protection and political impact. Secondly, it abstracts three enlightenments of the universal significance of the West Lake model, that is, the basic importance of the choice of the system platform, the non-profit management of the heritage service and the principle of the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the heritage. At present, the tourism economics textbook is used to guide China's heritage tourism. These deficiencies are mainly manifested in the failure to distinguish between heritage and non-heritage tourism resources, the failure to accept the special property rights of heritage, the failure to recognize the unique requirements of heritage protection and the unique understanding of sustainability. This makes it difficult for textbooks to deal with tickets, supply and demand, tourist rights and interests, and distribution of tourism income. Finally, the paper puts forward the conceptual framework of establishing Chinese heritage tourism economics: (1) the concept, concept and method of heritage tourism economics should be "seamlessly connected" with heritage economics, cultural economics and tourism economics; (2) the resources of heritage and non-heritage resources should be treated differently and properly by tourism economics; (3) on the basis of the principles of heritage economics and heritage protection, the problems involved in heritage tourism should be reprocessed.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心;北京联合大学旅游学院;
【分类号】：F592.7

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