基于国际比较的我国种业安全研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 14:05

本文关键词：基于国际比较的我国种业安全研究　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“国以农为本,农以种为先”。种子是农业生产的核心要素,是农业技术创新的重要组成部分。种业影响着粮食产量安全,控制了种业,等于控制了农作物的种植和食物的供给。我国种业起步相对国外较晚,发展时间较短,自《种子法》颁布实施以来,种业市场化也就十几年的时间。由于国内种子企业“多、弱、小”,品种选育及推广水平非常低。目前,我国已经是世界第二大种子消费国,常年用种量为125亿公斤,市值达600多亿元,并且持续增长。在国际化的背景下,孟山都、先正达、杜邦-先锋等跨国种业公司登陆中国市场,凭借完善的管理体制、强大的技术创新能力以及丰富的品种推广经验,这些跨国企业迅速占领中国种业市场,民族种业的生存空间被大大缩小,严重威胁我国种业安全。从整体上看,中国的种业科研能力落后于西方的发达国家。中国种业科技研发实行“双轨制”,造成科研院所研发能力强,但是没有推广能力;中小企业有推广渠道,但是育种科研能力很弱,这显然难与市场对接。此外,国内对于转基因的科学普及不够,社会上的转基因食品事件如湖南黄金大米事件,造成大众对转基因的恐慌,这也严重制约了我国转基因生物育种技术的发展,从而也一定程度上影响了民族种业的发展。外资进入中国市场后,投入经费搜集种子基因资源,偷取和克隆了国内很多种子基因资源,又从中分离并克隆有用的基因并申请专利。一旦在科研领域丧失优势,外资将全面控制我国种业,我国种业安全奖面临巨大挑战。从现状来看,国外种业公司已经控制了我国大部分的蔬菜种子市场,一部分粮食作物种子市场,我国种子进出口贸易常年保持逆差,种业对外依存度在逐步增高,中国种业受国际市场的影响在加大;同时外资与国内企业注册成立了大量的合资公司,并在技术层面控制着这些公司的发展,对我国种业的控制力在逐渐增强。基于上述背景,本文将从国内外种业发展现状、国内外种业比较分析、外资进入对我国种业安全的影响等方面出发,通过纵向和横向比较,全面剖析我国种业安全状况,并提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Seed is the core element of agricultural production and an important part of agricultural technological innovation. Seed industry affects grain yield security and controls seed industry. The seed industry of our country started relatively late, and the development time is shorter, since the promulgation and implementation of the seed Law. Seed industry marketization is only more than ten years. Due to domestic seed enterprises "many, weak, small", the level of breeding and promotion is very low. At present, China has become the second largest seed consumer in the world. Under the background of internationalization, the multinational seed companies such as Monsanto, Syngenta, DuPont-Pioneer and other multinational seed companies have entered the Chinese market. With the perfect management system, strong technological innovation ability and rich variety promotion experience, these multinational enterprises quickly occupied the Chinese seed market, and the living space of the national seed industry was greatly reduced. It is a serious threat to the safety of China's seed industry. On the whole, the scientific research capability of China's seed industry lags behind that of the western developed countries. However, there is no capacity to promote; Small and medium-sized enterprises have extension channels, but breeding research capacity is very weak, which is obviously difficult to connect with the market. In addition, the popularization of transgenic science in China is not enough, the social events of genetically modified food such as Hunan Golden Rice event. This has seriously restricted the development of transgenic biological breeding technology in China, and thus affected the development of national seed industry to a certain extent. Invest funds to collect seed genetic resources, steal and clone a lot of domestic seed genetic resources, isolate and clone useful genes and apply for patent. Once lost the advantage in the field of scientific research. Foreign capital will fully control the seed industry in China, and the safety award of seed industry in China is facing great challenges. From the current situation, the foreign seed companies have controlled most of the vegetable seed market and some food crop seed market in China. The seed import and export trade of our country keeps deficit all year round, the degree of dependence of seed industry increases step by step, the influence of Chinese seed industry is increasing by the international market. At the same time, foreign capital and domestic enterprises registered a large number of joint ventures, and in the technical level to control the development of these companies, the control of China's seed industry is gradually enhanced. Based on the above background. This article will start from the domestic and foreign seed industry development present situation, the domestic and foreign seed industry comparative analysis, the foreign capital enters the influence and so on aspect and so on our country seed industry safety aspect, through the longitudinal and the horizontal comparison, comprehensively analyzes our country seed industry safety situation. And put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.6

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