不同经营类型南方商品林的生产效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 10:49

本文关键词：不同经营类型南方商品林的生产效率研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：集体林权制度改革被称为“第三次土地改革”,是我国农村改革的一项重要内容。同时,集体林权制度改革(简称林改)也是继我国农村土地开始推行家庭联产承包责任制之后又一次重大变革,被形象的誉为“农村生产力的又一次大解放”。林改的主要目的在于调整森林资产的权属关系,政府以制度层面为突破口,其最终目的在于改善森林质量并且进一步提高林农经营林业的收益。在我国林业经营过程中,普遍存在着粗放经营和不合理利用等现象。因此,提高林业经营效率是目前林业经营管理与林业政策的主要研究方向,特别是以发挥经济效益为主的商品林生产效率得到了国内外学者的广泛关注,关于林农经营效率的测度也因此成为社会关注的热点与学术界研究的难点之一。本文先对研究区域集体林权制度改革和商品林经营现状入手,系统地介绍研究区域的改革实施状况和林业经营特征。对农户经营商品林行为的影响因素,包括农户家庭特征、林业劳动者特征、自然禀赋特征以及外部环境特征等进行了分析,并解释其存在的现实原因。针对不同商品林的经营类型,测算其生产效率,并横向、纵向分别对比其差异分析原因,最后运用Tobit模型对影响农户商品林生产效率的关键因素进行计量分析。文章得出以下结论:对农户经营行为影响最大的变量是外部环境因素,其次是土地禀赋特征,再次是农户的家庭特征。户主的年龄、性别对林业生产行为产生积极作用,农户从事农业对林业的生产行为、林业收入占总收入的比例也起到正向影响,是否为少数民族对于林农经营的影响较小。适当的林业政策对林农经营林业的行为作出正向引导。农户经营商品林的总体效率有待提高,技术的无效性不仅来自于纯技术无效,也同样来自于规模无效率。其中,混合经营的模式效率相对较高,但是林业生产普遍存在着投入要素冗余的现象。整体来看,劳动力冗余相对较少,而资金冗余在所有经营类型中最为明显。从农户林业经营效率的影响因素角度来看,户主曾担任过干部或曾接受过技能培训以及林农参与林改年限对于生产效率有显著的正向影响。资金投入与商品林经营效率密切相关,二者呈反向变动关系。基于以上分析,提出了相应的对策建议,一是因地制宜,针对不同禀赋选择林地经营类型;二是优化林业资源配置,提高生产效率;三是健全农村社会化服务体系。
[Abstract]:The reform of collective forest right system is called "the third land reform" is an important content of China's rural reform. At the same time, the reform of collective forest right system (referred to as forest) is following the rural land in our country began to implement the household contract responsibility system is a major change, the image is known as "another great liberation of rural productivity. The main purpose is to adjust the relationship between forest ownership of forest assets, the government in the institutional level as a breakthrough, the ultimate goal is to improve the forest quality and further improve the management of forestry income. Farmers in China's forestry management process, widespread extensive management and unreasonable utilization etc. the phenomenon. Therefore, to improve the operating efficiency of forestry is the main research direction of forestry management and forestry policy, especially commercial forest production efficiency to play the economic benefit obtained at home and abroad to learn Attention of the measure on the forest management efficiency has become one of the hot points of academic research and social concern. This article first on the study area of collective forest right system reform and management status of commercial forest, systematically introduces the research status of the implementation and reform of the regional characteristics of forestry management. The influencing factors of the commercial forest farmers behavior, including household character, forestry worker characteristics, natural characteristics and external environment characteristics were analyzed, and explain the reasons for its existence. According to different types of commercial forest management, calculate the production efficiency, and the lateral, longitudinal comparison of the differences were analyzed, finally using the key factor model of Tobit the farmers of commercial forest production efficiency analysis. This paper draws the following conclusions: the farmers' management behavior variables have the most influence is the external environment factors Secondly, is the characteristics of land endowment, again is household character. Their ages, sex has a positive effect on forestry production behavior, the behavior of forestry farmers engaged in agricultural production, forestry income accounted for the proportion of total income also plays a positive influence, whether minorities have little influence on forest management. The proper behavior of forestry policy on forest management and forestry made positive guidance. The overall efficiency of rural commercial forest should be improved, invalid technology not only from the pure technical inefficiency, but also from the scale inefficiency. The mode of mixed operation efficiency is relatively high, but the forestry production exists input redundancy. Overall, a labor surplus is relatively small, and in all types of operating funds redundancy in the most obvious. From the point of view of the factors affecting farmers forestry management efficiency, served as the main user A cadre or have received training and skills of peasants participating in the forest reform period has a positive effect on production efficiency. Capital investment and commercial forest management efficiency are closely related, showed the reverse changes in the relationship between the two. Based on the above analysis, put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, one is due to local conditions, according to the different types of forest land endowment choice two is to optimize the allocation of resources; forestry, improve the production efficiency; the three is to improve the rural social service system.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.24

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