大连市土地利用变化对生态安全的影响评价

发布时间：2018-01-04 18:11

本文关键词：大连市土地利用变化对生态安全的影响评价　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地资源对人类社会的生存与发展具有重要作用,不合理的土地利用方式对土地生态安全构成重大威胁,土地生态安全又反作用于土地资源的可持续利用。因此,为研究区域土地资源可持续利用需关注两者之间的关系以及动态变化。大连市作为改革开放以来经济快速发展的沿海城市,发展过程中深刻影响着土地利用方式,土地生态系统的组成要素也随之发生改变。以大连市为研究区,以遥感影像为基础,从数量变化、程度变化及结构变化等三个方面的定量研究分析大连市2003-2012年土地利用动态变化;并运用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型结合实际土地生态状况构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,采用组合赋权法计算指标权重,最后通过综合评价法计算得出大连市土地生态安全综合指数,并提出相关决策建议。主要得出以下结论:第一,土地利用变化分析。2003-2012年间,大连市耕地、林地及建设用地等土地类型的面积呈现出增加的趋势,未利用土地及水域用地面积则表现出不同程度的减少;土地利用结构有序度在1.42到1.52之间波动,变化较小,林地及耕地所占比重一直较高,土地利用结构较稳定;土地利用程度维持在253.6-268.4之间,土地利用程度仍处于发展时期;第二,土地利用变化的生态安全分析。本文通过采用PSR模型,选取压力-状态-相应三个方面21个评价指标构建评价体系,运用综合分析法评价土地生态安全,结果表明:2003-2012年大连市土地生态安全综合指数由0.5106上升到0.7888,生态安全从风险状态上升到敏感状态,土地生态状况得到一定程度的改善,但尚未达到安全状态。针对上述结论提出一下参考对策和建议:(1)进一步调控人口数量,促进人口与经济和环境的协调发展;(2)调整土地利用方式,优化土地利用结构;(3)采取有效措施治理土地污染;(4)加强宣传教育工作,推动公众积极参与保护土地生态环境的行动;(5)发挥政府的监督和管理作用;(6)建立生态辅助体系。
[Abstract]:Land resources play an important role in the survival and development of human society. Unreasonable land use mode poses a great threat to land ecological security. Land ecological security also counteracts on the sustainable use of land resources. In order to study the sustainable use of regional land resources need to pay attention to the relationship between the two as well as dynamic changes. Dalian as a coastal city with rapid economic development since the reform and opening up. In the process of development, the land use mode is deeply affected, and the elements of the land ecosystem also change. Taking Dalian as the research area and remote sensing image as the basis, the land ecosystem changes from the quantity. Quantitative analysis of land use dynamics in Dalian from 2003 to 2012 in terms of degree change and structural change; And use the pressure-state-response PSR-model combined with the actual land ecological status to construct the land ecological security evaluation index system, and use the combined weighting method to calculate the index weight. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the comprehensive index of land ecological security in Dalian, and put forward the relevant decision-making recommendations. The main conclusions are as follows: first, land use change analysis. 2003-2012. The area of cultivated land, woodland and construction land in Dalian showed an increasing trend, while the land area of unused land and water area decreased to some extent. The order degree of land use structure fluctuated between 1.42 and 1.52, the change was small, the proportion of woodland and cultivated land was always high, and the structure of land use was stable. The degree of land use is kept between 253.6-268.4, and the degree of land use is still in the period of development. Secondly, the ecological security analysis of land use change. This paper adopts PSR model, selects 21 evaluation indexes of pressure-state-corresponding three aspects to construct the evaluation system. The comprehensive analysis method was used to evaluate the land ecological security. The results showed that the comprehensive index of land ecological security in Dalian increased from 0.5106 to 0.7888 from 2003 to 2012. The ecological security has increased from the risk state to the sensitive state, and the ecological condition of land has been improved to a certain extent. In view of the above conclusions, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to further control the population number and promote the coordinated development of population, economy and environment. (2) adjusting the land use mode and optimizing the land use structure; (3) to take effective measures to control land pollution; Strengthen publicity and education to promote public participation in action to protect the land ecological environment; (5) giving full play to the role of government in supervision and management; 6) establishing ecological assistant system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X826

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