最低生活保障制度对贫困脆弱性的影响分析

发布时间：2018-01-25 01:25

本文关键词： 贫困脆弱性贫困最低生活保障制度倾向得分匹配　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贫困是制约社会发展的重要问题,长期受到政府及社会各界的广泛关注。随着"精准扶贫"政策的深入开展,我国贫困人口数量逐年减少,但贫困人口更加分散,扶贫的焦点正由贫困地区转向贫困人群。这意味着面向家庭和个人的扶贫政策将成为我国扶贫工作的重要工具。在全国范围内建立的最低生活保障制度(简称"低保")是我国面向家庭和个人的公共转移支付体系中的重要组成部分,现已逐步完善发展成为我国城乡扶贫政策中的重要支柱。以往对于低保等公共转移支付项目对贫困影响的研究总是集中在其对当前消费/收入贫困的影响方面,鲜有学者采取前瞻性的视角,研究低保对将来可能发生的贫困的影响。因此,本文引入贫困脆弱性这一前瞻性概念,研究最低生活保障制度在长期意义上的减贫效果。我国城乡家庭贫困脆弱性的现状如何?最低生活保障制度对我国城乡家庭贫困脆弱性有何影响?这些问题将是本文探讨的重点。本文基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)家庭数据,首先利用三阶段可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)测度家庭贫困脆弱性,在此基础上运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证检验了最低生活保障制度对城乡家庭贫困脆弱性的影响。文章共包括五部分:第一章为绪论,主要介绍本文的研究背景与研究意义,明确本文的研究内容与研究目标,并分析本文的研究创新与不足。第二章为文献综述,梳理了国内外关于贫困脆弱性问题与公共转移支付减贫问题的相关文献,为本文研究打下理论基础。第三章为研究方法设计,详细介绍了本文研究所使用的贫困脆弱性测度方法以及倾向得分匹配法。第四章为实证部分:首先,整理中国健康与养老追踪调查的问卷,对所选变量进行描述性统计;其次,基于筛选出的样本数据测度城乡家庭贫困脆弱性,并进一步分析影响贫困脆弱性的家庭层面因素;再次,采用倾向得分匹配法实证检验最低生活保障制度对城乡家庭贫困脆弱性的影响;最后,基于最低生活保障制度的特点及现有的研究结果,对实证结果产生的原因进行分析。第五章为结论及政策建议,在得出实证分析结论的基础上,针对我国家庭贫困脆弱性问题提出相应的政策建议。本文研究结果表明:我国贫困脆弱性问题不容小觑,且城乡家庭脆弱性程度差距较大,农村家庭的贫困脆弱性程度更高;家庭人力资本、物质资本及金融资产均会对家庭贫困脆弱性产生一定影响;城市低保对于城市家庭贫困脆弱性影响甚微,农村低保对农村家庭贫困脆弱性虽有一定的缓解作用,但降低农村家庭贫困脆弱性的效果并不明显;由于最低生活保障政策瞄准偏误、低保受益者自选择问题以及低保救助形式的局限性,最低生活保障制度缓解城乡家庭贫困脆弱性的效果不甚理想,甚至可能起到正向推动作用。
[Abstract]:Poverty is an important problem that restricts the social development, which has been widely concerned by the government and all walks of life for a long time. With the development of the policy of "precision poverty alleviation", the number of poor population in our country has been decreasing year by year. But the poor are more dispersed. The focus of poverty alleviation is shifting from poor areas to poor people. This means that poverty alleviation policies for families and individuals will become an important tool for poverty alleviation in our country. "minimum living allowance" is an important part of the public transfer payment system for families and individuals in China. It has gradually developed into an important pillar of our country's urban and rural poverty alleviation policy. In the past, the research on the impact of public transfer payment projects such as minimum living standard on poverty has always focused on its impact on current consumption / income poverty. Few scholars use a forward-looking perspective to study the impact of minimum security on future poverty. Therefore, this paper introduces the forward-looking concept of poverty vulnerability. This paper studies the effect of minimum living security system on poverty reduction in the long run. What is the present situation of poverty vulnerability of urban and rural families in China? What is the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families to poverty? These questions will be the focus of this paper. This paper is based on the CHARLS-based Chinese Health and Old-age tracking Survey (CHARLS). First, we use the three-stage feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS) to measure the vulnerability of families to poverty. On this basis, using the tendency score matching method to test the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families poverty. The article consists of five parts: the first chapter is the introduction. It mainly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, clarifies the research content and research goal, and analyzes the innovation and deficiency of this paper. The second chapter is the literature review. Combing the domestic and foreign literature on poverty vulnerability and poverty reduction of public transfer payments, this paper lays a theoretical foundation for the study. Chapter three is the design of research methods. This paper introduces the poverty vulnerability measurement method and the tendency score matching method in detail. Chapter 4th is the empirical part: first of all, the questionnaire of China Health and Old-age tracking Survey is arranged. Descriptive statistics of selected variables; Secondly, based on the selected sample data, the poverty vulnerability of urban and rural households is measured, and the factors affecting poverty vulnerability are further analyzed. Thirdly, the tendency score matching method is used to test the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families to poverty. Finally, based on the characteristics of the minimum living security system and the existing research results, the causes of the empirical results are analyzed. Chapter 5th is the conclusion and policy recommendations, on the basis of the conclusions of the empirical analysis. The research results show that the vulnerability of poverty in China should not be underestimated, and the gap between urban and rural family vulnerability is large. Rural households are more vulnerable to poverty; Family human capital, material capital and financial assets will have a certain impact on the vulnerability of household poverty; The urban minimum living standard has little effect on the vulnerability of urban household poverty. Although the rural minimum living standard has a certain alleviating effect on the rural household poverty vulnerability, the effect of reducing the rural household poverty vulnerability is not obvious. Due to the mistargeting of the minimum living security policy, the problem of self-selection of beneficiaries and the limitations of the form of minimum living security, the effect of the minimum living security system to alleviate the vulnerability of poverty in urban and rural families is not satisfactory. It may even play a positive role.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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