黑龙江国有林区森林资源—环境—经济复合系统可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 07:37

本文关键词： 森林资源—环境—经济复合系统可持续发展黑龙江国有林区　出处：《东北林业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经过半个多世纪的开发建设,黑龙江重点国有林区为国家生产了大量木材产品,为国家经济发展、社会进步做出了重大贡献。但同时林区社会陷入“资源危机、经济危困”的两危境地,生态环境也随之不断恶化。从2014年4月1日起,国家对黑龙江省内重点国有林区全面停止天然林商业性采伐。这意味着黑龙江国有林区发展到了十字路口,林区资源、经济与社会发展能否可持续发展成为我们必须回答的时代议题。因此,在黑龙江国有林区全面停止天然林商业性采伐、国有林区社会未来发展将发生重大转变、林业可持续发展能力受到严重挑战、国有林区发展方向亟待回答之际,本文从黑龙江国有林区所拥有辽阔的林地资源、丰富的“绿色”林下经济资源和能提供社会需要的生态产品等全新视角出发,重新审视评价黑龙江国有林区具有的可持续发展能力与水平,跳出传统的以可采资源为主体评价国有林区可持续发展能力的制框,探求新形势下国有林区可持续发展的思路与对策,以期为政府制订国有林区经营方针、改革方案提供理论支撑与政策建议。首先,本文在对国内外现有研究成果进行梳理的基础上,以可持续发展理论、复杂系统理论、生态学理论为基础,通过对黑龙江国有林区森林资源一环境一经济复合系统(FEES)情况实地调研、探查,搜集摸清了黑龙江国有林区各个林业局FEES的相关的基础数据,并依据调研数据,明确了黑龙江国有林区FEES的构成,从耦合机理角度分析了黑龙江国有林区FEES各个子系统之间的关系。研究表明：黑龙江国有林区FEES可持续发展是以森林资源子系统可持续发展为基础,以经济子系统可持续发展为枢纽,以环境子系统发展为载体的动态耦合发展过程。其次,本文独创地运用系统结构解析模型和系统动力学原理相结合,分析了黑龙江国有林区EES的运行机理。研究发现：构成黑龙江国有林区FEES共有15条运行路径,每条路径都不同程度的影响着国有林区FEES及其子系统。而且,在森林资源子系统中,其核心因子是“森林采伐量”和“森林面积”,环境子系统核心因子是“气候变化”,经济子系统的核心因子是“林业产值”和“林业科技”,同时得到“森林采伐量”和“林业产值”是FEES的核心因子。第三,依据黑龙江国有林区FEES的运行机理,通过向林业科研部门、高校和林业行政主管部门及基层林业科技推广部门、企业部门的专家进行咨询,从森林资源、环境、经济三个维度确定了黑龙江国有林区FEES可持续发展的评价体系,并进行了相应评价。结果表明：黑龙江国有林区FEES可持续发展水平整体中等偏弱,正处于传统发展向可持续发展的过渡阶段。第四,首次在评价结果的基础上,以FEES核心因子“森林采伐量”和“林业产值”为输入变量,采用RBF神经网络预测方法分析了黑龙江国有林区FEES的未来发展走向。研究表明：在2020年,黑龙江国有林区FEES整体仍存在一定警情,黑龙江森工林区的40个林业局中,“巨警”占2.5%,“重警”占10%,“中警”占27.5%,“轻警”占32.5%,“无警”占27.5%。依据不同警情具体分析其存在的原因,指出需要针对不同的林业局及地区的警情特点,采取有针对性的解决措施。第五,首次提出从FEES的核心因子出发,针对不同林业局FEES可持续发展的警情特点,分别构建了“巨警”、“重警与中警”、“轻警”的对策体系。为了确保黑龙江国有林区FEES的可持续发展对策得以顺利实施,构建了FEES的可持续发展保障机制,该机制包括创新机制、多方协作机制、市场调节机制、区域环境宏观调控机制和生态补偿机制。
[Abstract]:After more than half a century of development and construction, Heilongjiang key state-owned forest produce large wood products for the country, for the development of the national economy and made a great contribution to social progress. But at the same time in the society into "resource crisis, economic crisis" two danger, ecological environment has been deteriorating. From April 1, 2014 onwards, the country to stop comprehensive commercial logging of natural forests of key state-owned forest in Heilongjiang province. This means that the Heilongjiang state-owned forestry development to the crossroads, forest resources, economic and social development, sustainable development has become the era of question we must answer. Therefore, full stop commercial logging of natural forests in Heilongjiang state forest, state forest social development will be a major change the future, sustainable forestry development is facing serious challenge, the state-owned forest development direction to be answered on the occasion, from the state of Heilongjiang The region has vast forest resources, rich green forest can provide economic resources and social needs of ecological products such as new perspective, re-examine the sustainable development ability and level evaluation of Heilongjiang state owned forest region has, to jump out of the traditional mining resources as the main evaluation of sustainable development of state-owned forest system frame. Ideas and Countermeasures for the sustainable development of state-owned forest exploration under the new situation, in order for the government to establish the state-owned forest management policy, to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for reform. First, based on the domestic and foreign existing research results on carding, take the sustainable development theory, complex system theory, ecology theory as a foundation, through the the Heilongjiang state owned forest resources environment economy compound system (FEES) field research, exploration, collect out each state-owned forest in Heilongjiang The basic data related to Forestry Bureau FEES, and on the basis of the survey data, the FEES of Heilongjiang state owned forest region, from the angle of the coupling mechanism analysis of the relationship between FEES and Heilongjiang state owned forest region of each subsystem. The study shows that the sustainable development of state-owned forest in Heilongjiang FEES is based on the sustainable development of forest resources subsystem based on the sustainable development of economy the subsystem as the hub, with the development environment subsystem for the dynamic coupling development carrier. Secondly, this paper innovatively applies the principle of the structural analysis of system dynamics model and system integration, analyzes the operation mechanism of Heilongjiang state owned Forest Region of EES. The study found: FEES Heilongjiang state owned forest region a total of 15 running paths, each path is different the degree of influence of state-owned forest FEES and its subsystems. Moreover, the forest resources in the system, the core factor is the forest harvest volumes "And" forest area ", the environment subsystem is the core factor of" climate change ", the core factor of economic subsystem is" forestry output value "and" forestry science and technology ", and" deforestation "and" forestry output value "is the core factor of FEES. Third, according to the operation mechanism of FEES in Heilongjiang state owned forest region. According to the forestry scientific research departments, universities and administrative departments of forestry and forestry science and Technology Extension Department, business department experts for consultation, the environment of the forest resources, and the three dimensions of economic FEES was determined in Heilongjiang state owned forest region sustainable development evaluation system, and the corresponding evaluation. The results show that the level of sustainable development of the state-owned forest area FEES Heilongjiang overall medium weak, is in transition from traditional development to sustainable development. In fourth, for the first time on the basis of the evaluation results, the forest harvesting FEES core factor" "And" forestry output value "as the input variables, using RBF neural network prediction method to analyze the future development trend of FEES in Heilongjiang state owned forest region. The results show that: in 2020, FEES Heilongjiang state owned forest region there are still some overall alarm, 40 Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang forest industry, the" giant police "accounted for 2.5%." "police" in police "accounted for 10%, accounted for 27.5%, accounting for 32.5%," light warning "" no warning "for 27.5%. alarm according to different specific analysis of the reasons for its existence, pointed out the need for alarm features of Forestry Bureau and different regions, will take measures targeted solutions. Fifth, put forward for the first time from the core factor of FEES, according to police intelligence characteristics of different forestry sustainable development FEES, were constructed by the" giant police "," police and police "," light warning countermeasure system ". In order to ensure the Sustainable Development Countermeasures of Heilongjiang FEES state-owned forest A sustainable development guarantee mechanism for FEES is successfully implemented. The mechanism includes innovation mechanism, multi party cooperation mechanism, market adjustment mechanism, regional environmental macro control mechanism and ecological compensation mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.2

【参考文献】