林口县土地利用总体规划期生态压力研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 17:43

本文关键词： 土地利用总体规划生态压力评价结构优化　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态环境安全问题关系到人民群众的人身安全,社会稳定,区域可持续发展和子孙后代的未来。土地利用是人类影响生态环境的主要方式,我国当前的土地管理实施土地规划制度,由国家、省(市)、县、乡四级土地利用总体规划主导地方的土地利用,这四级规划层层控制指标分配,体现了国家对土地利用实行的控制、协调、组织和监督,具有全局性和战略性。土地利用总体规划兼顾区域发展目标与生态建设目标,规划期较长,一旦审批实施,会对区域造成根本性的生态影响,而当前我国的规划环境评价体系并不十分完善,缺少针对小范围,具有个性化的评估标准,使得评价结果可信度不高,区域适用性不强。本文针对县级土地利用总体规划展开具有区域特色的生态压力评价,研究区位于黑龙江省东南部低山丘陵区,农业和林业为主要产业,地形复杂生态脆弱性高,面临严峻的水土流失问题,且经济发展滞后,土地利用效率低,本文研究成果对改善区域生态、指导土地利用和总体规划审批修编具有一定的意义。建立在已有研究的基础上,本文从林口县土地利用总体规划(2006-2020)中获取预期土地利用变化信息,确保评价结果与规划的一致性,结合降水、土壤及人口预测数据对规划可能产生的生态压力从环境、经济和人口三个方面,选取8个指标加以评价。采用层次分析法和专家打分法相结合的方式确定权重并进行最后计算,避免了评价结果的主观性,同时当地专家的介入也使其更具有地域适应性,以行政区为评价单元,充分体现了不同发展重心在生态压力上的差距,突出了规划的影响力度,最后对林口县11个乡镇进行生态压力分级和优化调控的建议,同时强调对生态环境产生较大压力的区域应该在规划审批时及时进行调整,以保证整个规划的生态可行性。研究结果表明,11个乡镇中,有3个处于一级压力等级,5个处于二级压力等级,另外3个处于三级压力等级,生态压力指标变化率分别为10%-15%,5%-10%和0-5%。受规划压力影响最大的三个乡镇分别为规划期的工业发展中心,旅游建设区和工矿恢复区,主要胁迫因素分别为新增大量建设用地,和自然保留地大面积转用。优化调控要求研究区以“西北生态保护旅游区”、“中部农业经济综合发展区”以及“东部工矿适度开发区”三大核心展开土地利用工作,并建议在规划审批阶段进行局部调整,以使规划具有更好的生态可接受性。
[Abstract]:The security of ecological environment is related to the people's personal safety, social stability, regional sustainable development and the future of future generations. Land use is the main way that human beings affect the ecological environment. The current land management and implementation of land planning system in China is dominated by the national, provincial (city, county, township) four levels of land use planning, and the four levels of planning layer by layer control index distribution. It reflects the national control, coordination, organization and supervision of land use. It is of overall importance and strategic. The overall land use planning takes into account regional development goals and ecological construction objectives, and the planning period is longer. Once approved and implemented, it will have a fundamental ecological impact on the region, but the current planning environment evaluation system in China is not very perfect, the lack of a small scope, with personalized evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are not reliable and regional applicability is not strong. This paper aims at the overall planning of land use at the county level to carry out the ecological pressure assessment with regional characteristics, the study area is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province low hilly region. Agriculture and forestry is the main industry, the topography complex ecological vulnerability is high, facing the severe soil erosion problem, and the economic development lags behind, the land use efficiency is low, the research result in this paper improves the regional ecology. It is of certain significance to guide the land use and the approval and revision of the overall planning, which is based on the existing research. This paper obtains the expected land use change information from the overall land use planning of Linkou County (2006-2020) to ensure the consistency between the evaluation results and the planning, combined with precipitation. Soil and population forecasting data may have ecological pressures on planning from three aspects: environmental, economic and demographic. Eight indexes are selected to evaluate. AHP and expert scoring method are used to determine the weight and the final calculation to avoid the subjectivity of the evaluation results. At the same time, the involvement of local experts also makes it more adaptable to the region, taking the administrative region as the evaluation unit, fully reflects the gap in the ecological pressure of different development priorities, and highlights the impact of planning. At last, the suggestions of ecological pressure classification and optimal regulation in 11 villages and towns in Linkou County were put forward. Meanwhile, the regions with greater pressure on ecological environment should be adjusted in time when planning examination and approval. In order to ensure the ecological feasibility of the whole plan, the results showed that 3 of the 11 towns were in the first grade of pressure, 5 were in the second grade of pressure, and the other 3 were in the third grade of pressure. The change rate of ecological pressure index is 10-155- 10% and 0-50.The three towns most affected by the planning pressure are the industrial development centers in the planning period. In the tourism construction area and the industrial and mining recovery area, the main stress factors are the increase of a large number of construction land, and the large area conversion of the natural reserve land, respectively. The optimization of regulation and control requires the study area to "the northwest ecological protection tourism area". The "Central Agricultural Economic Comprehensive Development Zone" and "Eastern Industrial and Mining moderate Development Zone" three core to carry out land use work, and suggested in the planning approval stage to carry on the partial adjustment. In order to make the planning more ecologically acceptable.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.24

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