三江平原区耕地质量评价及时空演变规律研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 01:23

本文关键词： 三江平原区耕地质量评价土壤养分变化同一评价指标体系　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东北三江平原区(黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江冲积平原)耕地资源丰富,自然条件优越,是我国重要粮食主产区之一。但是由于长时期的重用轻养,造成该区域水土流失和土壤退化,从而导致该区域粮食减产。基于此,本研究在广泛收集1982年和2012年的耕地土壤调查数据基础上,应用特尔非法和层次分析法以及ArcGIS空间分析功能,通过构建同一评价指标体系对三江平原区1982年和2012年的耕地质量进行评价与分级,研究同一评价指标体系下耕地质量变化及其影响因素的变化情况,以期全面掌握该区域30年间耕地质量演变规律。主要研究结果如下:(1)构建了不同时期同一评价指标体系,并进行了统一的耕地质量评价及其变化分析。同一评价指标体系包括立地条件、基础设施、土壤理化性状、剖面性状4类,13个指标,并将层次分析法与特尔菲法相结合来确定权重,对1982年及2012年三江平原区耕地质量进行了评价与分析。(2)参照农业部标准,采用累计频率曲线法,将三江平原区耕地质量等级分为十个等级。1982年各质量等级面积汇总结果显示:三等地五等地四等地二等地一等地六等地七等地八等地九等地十等地;2012年各质量等级面积汇总结果显示:五等地三等地一等地七等地六等地二等地四等地十等地八等地九等地。(3)三江平原区整体耕地质量较高,其中鹤岗市、双鸭山市、佳木斯市及鸡西市的耕地质量相比其他地区更高,沼泽土和白浆土的耕地质量相比其他土壤更高;30年间耕地质量整体有明显下降趋势,一等地至六等地占比减小,七等地至十等地占比增加。(4)影响该区域耕地质量主要指标存在着显著差异性。其中,pH值属弱空间变异,均值下降0.51;有机质、有效磷、速效钾三者均属中等程度空间变异,有机质含量均值下降2.53g/kg、有效磷含量均值上升14.96mg/kg、速效钾含量均值下降93.94mg/kg。
[Abstract]:The northeast Sanjiang plain (Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River alluvial plain) is rich in cultivated land resources and superior in natural conditions, and is one of the major grain producing areas in China. As a result of soil erosion and soil degradation in the region, grain production in the region has been reduced. Based on the extensive collection of cultivated land soil survey data from 1982 and 2012, By using the functions of Terre illegal and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and ArcGIS spatial analysis, the cultivated land quality in Sanjiang Plain on 1982 and 2012 was evaluated and classified by constructing the same evaluation index system. This paper studies the change of cultivated land quality and its influencing factors under the same evaluation index system, in order to grasp the evolution law of cultivated land quality in this area in 30 years. The main results are as follows: 1) the same evaluation index system in different periods is constructed. The same evaluation index system includes site conditions, infrastructure, soil physical and chemical properties, profile traits, and 13 indexes. Combining AHP and Delphi method to determine the weight, the quality of cultivated land in Sanjiang Plain area in 1982 and 2012 was evaluated and analyzed. According to the standard of Ministry of Agriculture, the cumulative frequency curve method was adopted. The quality grade of cultivated land in Sanjiang plain area is divided into ten grades. In 1982, the result of the summary of each quality grade area shows: third, fifth, fifth, fourth, second, first, sixth, sixth, seventh, eighth, eighth, ninth, tenth, and 2012, each quality. The results of the grade area summary show that: five, three, three, three, one, seven, seven, six, two, four, ten, eight, eight, nine, etc.) the overall cultivated land quality in the Sanjiang plain is relatively high. The cultivated land quality of Hegang City, Shuangyashan City, Jiamusi City and Jixi City is higher than that of other areas. The cultivated land quality of swamp soil and clay soil is higher than that of other soils. There are significant differences in the main indexes affecting the quality of cultivated land in this region. Among them, pH value is a weak spatial variation, the mean value decreases by 0.51, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, available phosphorus, organic matter, and available phosphorus. The available potassium content decreased by 2.53 g / kg, the available phosphorus content increased by 14.96 mg / kg, and the available potassium content decreased by 93.94 mg / kg.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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