农地流转、农民工市民化以及农业生产效率关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 16:10

本文选题：农地流转　切入点：农民工市民化　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农民大量从乡村流入城市,2015年外出就业的农民工数量已经达到1.69亿人。尤其是新生代的农民工,不具备农业生产技能,心理和习惯上已经习惯城市生活,市民化欲望强烈。农民工大量的投入非农产业,脱离农业生产,农村开始出现抛荒和农地闲置现象。自改革开放之后的家庭承包经营的土地制度形成了我国农业经营的特征之一——农地细碎化。抛荒和农地细碎化造成了农业生产的低效,对我国农业集约化、规模化、现代化的发展提出挑战。农民工迫切希望继续留在城市融入城市,这就会面临农业劳动力"后继无人"的困扰,这便产生了本文的研究主题——想要进城的农民工怎么样更好的进城?丧失了农业劳动力的农业又该走向何方?农地流转最终的行为分为流出和流入,文章认为农地流出可以促进农民工的市民化,农地流入可以提高农业生产效率。这一观点是通过理论回顾、文献分析、现状分析以及实证分析得出。在理论分析部分,文章指出农地流出减小农民工入城的机会成本、为农民工市民化提供重要资本支持;同时指出农地流入可以降低农地细碎化程度,促进农业适度规模经营。并分析了我国农地流转、农民工市民化、农业生产的现状,理论分析与现实例证丰富了文章的观点。在实证部分,基于数据的可得性,文章实证分析了农地流转的一种较为普遍存在的形式"出租"对农民工市民化和农业生产效率的影响。基于CFPS2014的家庭层面的微观数据,利用反事实研究原理和PSM的研究方法构建了对照组与实验组,估计了农地租出与租入的决策方程和农地流转的效应,结论表明:农业投入、农业机械以及家庭的年龄特征会显著影响农户租出或租入农地。农地租出会显著提高农户人均家庭纯收入、人均家庭纯收入分位数以及市民化能力;农地租入会显著提高农业生产效率,这些方面和理论分析一致,两者相互验证,农地流转促进农民工市民化以及提高农业生产效率的观点进一步得到支撑。但是实证结果显示,农地租入并没有显著提高农户人均家庭纯收入及其分位数。文章通过理论、现状和实证的分析,最后对如何加速农地流转促进农民工市民化以及提高农业生产效率提出了政策建议。
[Abstract]:In 2015, the number of migrant workers who went out to work had reached 169 million. In particular, the new generation of migrant workers did not possess agricultural production skills and had become accustomed to urban life psychologically and habitually. There is a strong desire to become a citizen. Migrant workers put a large number of non-agricultural industries away from agricultural production. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the land system of household contract management has formed one of the characteristics of agricultural management in our country, that is, the fragmentation of agricultural land. The abandonment of land and the fragmentation of agricultural land have resulted in the low efficiency of agricultural production. It challenges the development of intensive, large-scale and modern agriculture in our country. Migrant workers are eager to stay in the city and integrate into the city, which will face the problem of "no successor" of the agricultural labor force. This led to the theme of this study-how do migrant workers want to enter the city better? Where should agriculture go after it has lost its agricultural labor force? The final behavior of agricultural land transfer can be divided into outflow and inflow. The article holds that the outflow of farmland can promote the urbanization of migrant workers, and the inflow of agricultural land can improve the efficiency of agricultural production. This view is based on the theoretical review and literature analysis. In the part of theoretical analysis, the paper points out that the outflow of farmland reduces the opportunity cost of migrant workers to enter the city, and provides important capital support for the urbanization of migrant workers. At the same time, the paper points out that the farmland inflow can reduce the degree of farmland fragmentation and promote the moderate scale management of agriculture, and analyzes the current situation of agricultural land circulation, peasant laborer citizenship and agricultural production in China. Theoretical analysis and practical examples enrich the point of view of the article. In the empirical part, based on the availability of data, This paper empirically analyzes the influence of a common form of agricultural land transfer, "lease", on the urbanization of peasant workers and the efficiency of agricultural production. Based on the microcosmic data of household level of CFPS2014, The control group and experimental group were constructed by using counterfactual research principle and PSM's research method. The decision equation of land rental and rental and the effect of farmland transfer were estimated. The age characteristics of agricultural machinery and families will significantly affect the farmers' rental or rental of agricultural land. The rural land rental will significantly improve the per capita household net income, per capita household net income quantiles and the ability of citizens. These aspects are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The views of rural land transfer to promote the urbanization of peasant workers and to improve the efficiency of agricultural production are further supported, but the empirical results show that, Rural land rental has not significantly improved the per capita household net income and its quantiles. Finally, it puts forward some policy suggestions on how to accelerate the rural land transfer to promote the citizen of peasant workers and to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1;F323

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