伊犁州直属县市哈萨克族农牧民脱贫问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 18:59

本文选题：伊犁州直属县市　切入点：哈萨克族　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文着重探讨了伊犁州直属县市哈萨克族贫困家庭贫困状况、致贫原因、脱贫对策等问题。2017年年初,伊犁州直属县市共有38个贫困村、1个国家级贫困县和35469名贫困人口,按照先易后难的脱贫原则,2017年伊犁州直属县市如期实现全面脱贫任务仍然很艰巨。伊犁州直属县市少数民族人口占总人口的63.69%,其中哈萨克族占少数民族的33.25%,是少数民族中人数较多的民族。北疆贫困人数虽不多,但贫困人口居住分散、分布广;少数民族贫困人口占绝大多数;文化适应较难;难以改变传统生产方式;特别是居住在偏远山区的哈萨克族贫困农牧民持续增收难度较大。因此,如何采取有效措施尽快帮助这些贫困家庭脱贫有着十分重要的政治意义。为了研究哈萨克族农牧民贫困问题,本文选取了哈萨克族聚集的伊犁州直属县市的三个县(新源县、尼勒克县和特克斯县)的150户哈萨克族贫困农牧民家庭,通过入户走访法、问卷调查法、直接观察法和描述性统计分析法研究了哈萨克族贫困农牧民的贫困原因,主要由以下几方面的原因:1.劳动力素质低;2.因灾致贫;3.缺生产资料致贫;4.收入来源狭窄;5.因病致贫;6.特殊人群贫困发生率高;7借贷使用效率低,欠债多;8.存在文化适应与扶贫措施冲突的现象;9.存在盲目攀比和铺张浪费的现象;10.安于现状,进取意识差。针对以上致贫原因,进一步分析了国家、新疆和伊犁州直属县市现行的脱贫政策,发现这些政策可行性较好,并取得了一定的效果。但研究也表明,脱贫过程中仍存在很多问题:1.农牧民的产业发展后劲不足,人均增收乏力;2.贫困对象识别不精准,脱贫退出机制实施不完善;3.帮扶单位扶贫措施不精准,跟踪管理机制不健全;4.资金发放不到位,自筹资金能力弱;5.基层数字化脱贫现象普遍存在等问题。针对以上问题,本文从两方面提出了对策建议,一方面对哈萨克族农牧民脱贫致富的对策建议:1.发挥贫困农牧民的脱贫内生动力,提高主动脱贫意识;2.发展旅游产业,开展短期体验项目;3.倡导健康饮食,培养良好饮食习惯;4.倡导全民大兴移风易俗,摒弃铺张浪费。另一方面对现行的脱贫政策的对策建议:1.进一步优化牲畜产业,挖掘民族特色产业;2.高度重视建档立卡工作,确保扶贫对象精准;3.帮扶单位汇聚帮扶力量,转变帮扶方式;4.加大资金投入和监督力度,提高扶贫资金的使用效率;5.严禁出现基层数字化脱贫现象。
[Abstract]:In 2017, there were 38 poor villages, one state-level poor county and 35469 poor population in Yili prefecture, one state-level poor county and 35469 poor population. According to the principle of getting rid of poverty first and then difficult, in 2017, it is still very difficult for the counties and cities under the direct control of Yili prefecture to achieve the task of overall poverty eradication as scheduled. The minority population of the county and city directly under the control of Yili prefecture accounts for 63.69% of the total population, of which the Kazakh nationality accounts for 33.25% of the minority nationality, which is less. Although the number of poor people in northern Xinjiang is not large, However, the poor population is scattered and widely distributed; the majority of the poor people are ethnic minorities; it is difficult to adapt to culture; it is difficult to change the traditional mode of production; In particular, it is difficult for poor Kazakh farmers and herdsmen living in remote mountain areas to continue to increase their incomes. How to take effective measures to help these poor families out of poverty as soon as possible has very important political significance. In order to study the poverty problem of Kazakh farmers and herdsmen, this paper selects three counties (Xinyuan County) which are directly under the control of Yili Prefecture, where Kazakh people gather. 150 families of poor Kazakh farmers and herdsmen in Nilak and Tex counties have studied the causes of poverty among poor Kazakh farmers and herdsmen by means of household visits, questionnaires, direct observation and descriptive statistical analysis. The main reasons are as follows: 1.The quality of labor force is low 2.The lack of means of production leads to poverty 4.The source of income is narrow and poverty is caused by illness 6.The incidence of poverty among special groups of people is high and the use of loans is low. There is a conflict between cultural adaptation and poverty alleviation measures. There is a phenomenon of blind comparison and extravagance and waste. 10. Content with the present situation and poor sense of enterprise. In view of the causes of poverty caused by the above, the paper further analyzes the country. The current poverty eradication policies in Xinjiang and Yili counties and cities directly under their control have found that these policies are more feasible and have achieved certain results. However, the study also shows that there are still many problems in the process of poverty eradication: 1.The industry development of farmers and herdsmen is not strong enough. Poor identification of poor objects, imperfect implementation of the anti-poverty exit mechanism, poor measures for poverty alleviation in support units, imperfect tracking and management mechanisms, and inadequate distribution of funds, 2. 2. The poor target identification is not accurate, the implementation of the poverty reduction and withdrawal mechanism is not perfect, and the poverty alleviation measures of the support units are not accurate. (5) the problem of digital poverty eradication exists in the grass-roots level. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions from two aspects. On the one hand, the countermeasures and suggestions for Kazakh farmers and herdsmen to extricate themselves from poverty and become rich are as follows: 1. Give full play to the endogenous motive force of poverty eradication of poor farmers and herdsmen, raise the awareness of active poverty eradication. 2. Develop the tourism industry, carry out short-term experience projects, and promote healthy eating. Cultivate good eating habits 4.Advocate the whole people to move from style to vulgarity and abandon extravagance and waste. On the other hand, the countermeasures to the current poverty eradication policy: 1. Further optimize the livestock industry, excavate the industry with national characteristics. 2. Attach great importance to the work of building grade cards. To ensure that the target of poverty alleviation is accurate 3.The units of helping and helping gather the help strength, change the way of helping. 4. Increase the investment and supervision of funds, improve the efficiency of the use of the funds for poverty alleviation. 5. Strictly prohibit the phenomenon of digital poverty eradication at the grass-roots level.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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