中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:46

本文选题：区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织　切入点：中西太平洋渔业委员会　出处：《上海海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中西太平洋金枪鱼类渔获量占全球金枪鱼渔获的一半以上,该地区鱼类种群的养护和管理对全球金枪鱼渔业管理趋势举足轻重。2004年基于《中西部太平洋高度洄游鱼类种群养护和管理公约》的中西太平洋渔业委员会成立,作为管理中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业的国际组织,中西太平洋渔业委员会同时也是唯一建立公海登临和检查制度的区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织,旨在通过实施公海登临和检查以推进缔约方遵守和执行其养护管理措施。自2006年中西太平洋公海登临检查制度实施以来,一些国家或地区陆续开始对中西太平洋海域公海作业的渔船进行登临和检查,日益严格的登临和检查对我国该海域金枪鱼渔业生产的履约责任带来较大的挑战。首先,该文章探讨了中西太平洋渔业的发展趋势,指出了中西太平洋渔业委员会建立了中西太平洋地区渔业管理的新机制,以协调沿岸国和远洋捕捞国家共同养护和可持续利用中西大平洋金枪鱼鱼类资源。此外,该文章从主要职责、组织结构、政策出台和决策机制、运行情况、国际合作和面临的困难和挑战概述了中西太平洋渔业委员会基本情况。其次,该研究通过总结梳理《日内瓦海洋法公约》、《联合国海洋法公约》、《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》、《中西部太平洋高度洄游鱼类种群养护和管理公约》、《中西太平洋公海登临和检查程序》等法律法规,阐述中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度的演变和发展,认为中西太平洋渔业委员会公海登临和检查制度已建立了完备的法律体系,并在法律条文的引入和细化上凸显其地区的复杂性和特殊性。再次,通过分析了中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度的实施现状,该研究认为该制度的实施具有缔约国参与力度日益加强、检查对象的多元化、检查的内容和范围凸显针对性等特点。该文章总结了中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度的实施效果,指出了其实施的限制和不足,并对公海登临和检查制度未来的发展提出切实可行的建议。最后,该研究对我国渔船自2011年来在中西太平洋地区接受公海登临和检查的案例进行分析和探讨,指出我国渔船在渔船方面、捕捞方面和报告方面严重违规的具体类型和导致我国渔船违规原因,强调了渔船严重违规的危害性。为维护中国金枪鱼渔业渔船在中西太平洋海域的生产秩序,确保我国金枪鱼渔业在该地区的可持续发展,该文章对提出以下建议:政府应加强对金枪鱼企业监督体系的建设和完善,提高入渔门槛;加大对金枪鱼渔业研究的投入;积极参与国际合作,履行国际义务。企业应提高从业人员包括一线船长、船员和管理层的素质建设,加强对渔船的监督,并及时向政府和协会汇报登临和检查情况。协会特别是中国远洋渔业协会对内应该加大对企业的服务力度,促进政府、企业、科研单位互相交流沟通;对外应积极协调我国与中西太平洋渔业委员会及岛国的沟通,协助政府履行国际义务。科研单位应一方面加大渔业管理的研究,辅助我国管理决策,另一方面完善国家科学观察员的培训体系,提高我国观察员履约作业的指导水平。四大履约主体应协同配合,加强我国金枪鱼渔业自身能力建设,减少渔船违规作业,积极履约以维护我国负责任渔业大国的形象。
[Abstract]:Western Pacific tuna catch accounted for more than half of global tuna fishing, conservation and management of fish stocks in the area of management of the global trend of tuna fishery plays an important role in.2004 < Western Central Pacific highly migratory fish stocks "Convention on the conservation and management of the western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission based on the establishment of an international organization of tuna fishery management in Western Pacific Ocean, West Pacific Fisheries the committee is also only a boarding and inspection system of regional tuna fisheries management organizations, in order to carry on boarding and inspection to promote the observance and implementation of the management measures of parties. Since the implementation of the 2006 Western Pacific high seas boarding and inspection system, some countries or regions started the Western Pacific high seas fishing vessels were boarding and check the increasingly strict boarding and inspection A great challenge to the area of tuna fishery performance responsibility in our country. Firstly, the article discusses the development trend of Chinese and Western Pacific Fisheries, pointed out that the Western Pacific Fisheries Commission established a new mechanism of Western Pacific Fishery Management, to coordinate the littoral and pelagic fishing countries in conservation and sustainable use of Western Pacific tuna fish resources. In addition, this article from the main responsibilities, organizational structure, policies and decision-making mechanism, operation, international cooperation and the difficulties and challenges facing outlines the basic situation of the Western Pacific Fisheries Commission. Secondly, the study by summarizing the "Geneva Convention on the law of the sea", "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea", "December 10, 1982" the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea "relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks agreement >, < The Western Pacific conservation and management of highly migratory fish stocks in the western and Central Pacific high seas convention >, < boarding and inspection procedures "and other laws and regulations, expounds the evolution and development of Chinese and Western Pacific high seas boarding and inspection system, believe that the Western Pacific Fisheries Commission on boarding and inspection system has established a complete legal system, and in the legal provisions and the introduction of highlight the complexity of the refinement region and particularity. Thirdly, through the analysis of the status of implementation of the central and Western Pacific high seas boarding and inspection system, this study suggests that the implementation of the system of the contracting party has joined efforts increasingly strengthened, diversified examination object, content and scope of the inspection to highlight targeted features. The article summarizes the implementation the effect of Chinese and Western Pacific high seas boarding and inspection system, points out the limitations and shortcomings, and on the high seas to boarding and inspection system To put forward the feasible suggestion of development. Finally, the case study of China's high seas fishing vessels to boarding and inspection since 2011 in the Western Pacific region are analyzed and discussed, pointed out that China's fishing in fishing, fishing and specific types of reports of serious violations of illegal fishing and lead our country, emphasizing the dangers of fishing for the maintenance of a serious violation. In the Western Pacific Tuna Fishery production order China fishing boats, to ensure China's tuna fishery in the area of sustainable development, this article made the following recommendations: the government should strengthen the construction of enterprise supervision system and improve the tuna fishing, to improve the threshold; increase the tuna fishery research investment; actively participate in international cooperation and fulfill its international obligations. Enterprises should improve the employees including the first captain, the crew and the quality of construction management, strengthening of fishing boats The supervision, and promptly to the government and the association of boarding and inspection report. The association of particular China of pelagic fishery association should intensify the enterprise service efforts to promote the government, enterprises, scientific research units should actively communicate; foreign coordination of Chinese and Western Pacific Fisheries Commission and the island's communication, to assist the government to fulfill its international obligations. Scientific research units should intensify research of fisheries management on the one hand, China's auxiliary management decision-making, improve the national scientific observer training system on the other hand, to improve the level of our guidance work performed. Four observers should be the main performance of coordination, strengthen the tuna fishery of our own ability construction, reduce fishing illegal operations, the positive performance in to maintain our responsible fisheries country image.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4

【参考文献】