气候变化对中国粮食安全的影响及应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 21:40

本文选题：气候变化　切入点：粮食安全　出处：《广东海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今世界,气候变化是一个不能否认的事实。不言而喻,全球气候变化给各国经济和社会发展带来了考验,特别是对粮食安全带来了严峻的挑战。提高应对气候变化的防御能力,采用具有适应性和针对性的策略,规避气候变化带来的负面影响,成为各国迫在眉睫的主要任务之一。论文使用了文献研究法,搜集和整理了气候变化的相关文献资料,通过对馆藏文献和网上文献的大量阅读,整理出相关的文献信息,并进行有针对性的记录,在此基础上撰写文献综述。然后通过归纳与综合,结合了气候变化的表现,从不同角度指出了气候变化对粮食安全关联性,把前辈们的研究成果进行了适当的梳理及整合。再采用比较研究法,把发展中国家和发达国家在应对气候变化时采取的不同粮食安全对策进行比较分析,深化对不同国家粮食战略的认识,认清差距并通过比较,借鉴吸收国际发达国家在适应气候变化保障粮食安全方面的先进经验。通过对气候变化的相关因素进行分析可以发现,不能忽视气候变化带来的极端气候事件、病虫灾害等负面作用对粮食生产能力带来的不利影响。可以说气候变化的弊大于利,气候不断变化将提高我国农业灾害风险,使我国农业生产力失去平衡,对我国粮食安全构成严重的威胁。根据搜集的资料,可以发现由于气候变暖我国粮食品种种植范围会往北移动,同时耕种面积也有了扩大的趋势,但是全球气候变暖可能会导致部分地区耕种土地涝滞、加剧土壤盐碱化,对粮食作物的生产力产生影响,降低粮食生产能力,减少粮食产量等。除了气温变化之外,年降水量也不稳定、同时极端天气不断出现,造成了粮食耕地资源在逐渐退化、粮食灌溉的水源在恶化,粮食病虫害等经常爆发,从而改变粮食种植制度、提高粮食安全成本、影响粮食生产环境、降低粮食生产能力等。因此,发挥政府主导作用、提高粮食抗灾能力、完善粮食储备管理、调动农民种粮积极性、加强国际交流与合作等是气候变化大背景下维护粮食安全的重要措施。
[Abstract]:In today's world, climate change is an undeniable fact. It goes without saying that global climate change has brought a test to the economic and social development of all countries. In particular, it poses a serious challenge to food security. Improving the resilience to climate change and adopting adaptive and targeted strategies to avoid the negative impacts of climate change, Ren Wuzhi, who is the most urgent one in various countries, has used the literature research method to collect and sort out the relevant documents on climate change, and through the extensive reading of the literature collected in the library and on the Internet, we can sort out the relevant documents and information. And then through induction and synthesis, combined with the performance of climate change, we point out the relevance of climate change to food security from different angles. The research results of previous generations were properly combed and integrated. Then comparative research was used to compare and analyze the different food security responses taken by developing and developed countries in response to climate change. To deepen the understanding of different countries' food strategies, to recognize the gap and, through comparison, to draw lessons from the advanced experiences of developed countries in adapting to climate change and to ensure food security. Through analysis of the relevant factors of climate change, it can be found that, We should not ignore the adverse effects of extreme climate events, diseases and insect disasters, and other adverse effects on grain production capacity brought about by climate change. It can be said that climate change will do more harm than good, and that continuous climate change will increase the risk of agricultural disasters in China. The imbalance of agricultural productivity in China poses a serious threat to the food security of our country. According to the data collected, it can be found that the planting range of grain varieties in China will move northward because of climate warming, and at the same time, the cultivated area has also shown a trend of expansion. However, global warming may lead to waterlogging of cultivated land in some areas, aggravate soil salinization, have an impact on the productivity of grain crops, reduce grain production capacity, reduce grain production, etc. In addition to changes in temperature, Annual precipitation is also unstable, and extreme weather continues to occur, resulting in the gradual degradation of food cultivated land resources, deterioration of water sources for grain irrigation, frequent outbreaks of food diseases and pests, etc., thus changing the grain planting system and increasing the cost of food security. Therefore, give play to the leading role of the government, improve the ability of grain disaster resistance, improve the management of grain reserves, mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, etc. Strengthening international exchanges and cooperation is an important measure to maintain food security in the context of climate change.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.11

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