社会资本的反贫困效应：收入获取与风险应对能力

发布时间：2018-03-16 00:27

本文选题：贫困　切入点：社会资本　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,社会资本在贫困地区家庭增收和抵御风险中的重要性逐步被重视。对于人力资本和物力资本均相对匮乏的贫困地区农户而言,减少贫困和应对风险在很大程度上需要民间非正式的的互帮互助。大量研究表明,社会资本在减少贫困、提高就业机会、增加贫困群体收入、改善收入分布、缩小收入差距、抵御冲击、平滑消费等方面均有重要作用,由此被称为“穷人的资本”。但是,另一些研究结论对社会资本是“穷人的资本”这一观点的正确性提出了质疑,指出社会资本在减贫中发挥作用,需要人力资本等要素的配合。本文的研究主题是社会资本的反贫困效应,通过对社会资本和(反)贫困相关理论的梳理和剖析,从农户收入获取能力和风险应对能力两方面出发,探讨社会资本在反贫困中的作用,最终,为西海固贫困地区反贫困提出合理的建议。研究主要从以下四个方面展开:一、阐释并界定(反)贫困的内涵。从自然环境恶劣、宗教影响浓厚、经济的贫困性、资源的稀缺性、政策局限性等方面对西海固农村地区贫困现状进行描述,并分析西海固贫困地区农户的收入特征、风险识别和风险应对特征;二、从社会网络、社会信任、社会参与、社会声望这四个维度,构建表征农户社会资本的指标体系,并以西海固农户调查资料为依据,使用因子分析法得出该地区不同农户的社会资本指数;三、采用门槛自回归模型检验西海固贫困地区农户社会资本与收入获取能力的关系,验证社会资本是“穷人的资本”这一备受争议的话题在宁夏西海固地区的适用性,并进一步探讨社会资本对不同群体收入获取的影响效应;四、利用二元Logit模型考察社会资本等因素对农户不同风险应对策略的影响,进一步采用Tobit模型,探讨社会资本等其他因素在贫困地区农户风险应对能力中的作用。研究发现:社会资本在影响农户收入时,存在明显的门槛特征,即当社会资本低于门槛值时,社会资本对低收入群体的增收起不到积极作用;当社会资本高于门槛值时,社会资本对提高农户收入有显著作用。所以,社会资本更有可能是富人的资本。此外,社会资本能否发挥作用还需要人力资本等要素的配合。农户在应对风险时,最主要选择“向外界借债”策略来抵御风险,并且根据分析得出对于不同风险应对策略,社会资本等不同因素的作用效果明显不同。农户风险应对能力主要受家庭务工人数比例、人力资本、物资资本和社会资本等因素的影响,其中社会资本对风险应对能力的影响大于社会资本和人力资本。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the importance of social capital in increasing household income and resisting risks in poor areas has been gradually emphasized. To a large extent, poverty reduction and risk response require informal mutual assistance from civil society. A large number of studies have shown that social capital can reduce poverty, increase employment opportunities, increase incomes of poor groups, improve income distribution and narrow the income gap. They play an important role in resisting shocks and smoothing consumption, and are thus called "capital of the poor". However, other findings question the validity of the view that social capital is the capital of the poor. It is pointed out that social capital plays a role in poverty reduction and needs the cooperation of human capital and other elements. The research theme of this paper is the anti-poverty effect of social capital, through combing and analyzing the relevant theories of social capital and (anti-poverty). This paper discusses the role of social capital in anti-poverty from two aspects of farmers' income acquisition ability and risk coping ability. Finally, it puts forward reasonable suggestions for anti-poverty in Xihai poverty-stricken area. The research is mainly carried out from the following four aspects: first, Explain and define the connotation of poverty. Describe the poverty situation in Xihaigu rural area from the aspects of bad natural environment, strong influence of religion, poverty of economy, scarcity of resources, policy limitation, etc. It also analyzes the income characteristics, risk identification and risk coping characteristics of farmers in Xihaigu poverty area. Secondly, from the four dimensions of social network, social trust, social participation and social prestige, the paper constructs an index system to represent peasant households' social capital. Based on the survey data of Xihaigu farmers, the social capital index of different farmers in this area is obtained by factor analysis. Thirdly, the relationship between the social capital and income acquisition capacity of farmers in Xihaigu poverty area is tested by using threshold autoregressive model. To verify the applicability of the controversial topic of social capital as "capital of the poor" in Xihaigu region of Ningxia, and to further explore the effect of social capital on income acquisition of different groups; fourth, Using the dual Logit model to investigate the influence of social capital and other factors on farmers' different risk coping strategies, further using the Tobit model. This paper discusses the role of other factors such as social capital in the risk coping ability of farmers in poor areas. It is found that when social capital affects farmers' income, there are obvious threshold characteristics, that is, when social capital is below the threshold, Social capital does not play a positive role in increasing the income of low-income groups; when social capital is above the threshold, it plays a significant role in raising the income of farmers. Therefore, social capital is more likely to be the capital of the rich. Whether social capital can play a role also needs the cooperation of human capital and other factors. When farmers deal with risks, they mainly choose the strategy of "borrowing from the outside" to resist the risks, and according to the analysis of different risk coping strategies, The effects of different factors such as social capital are obviously different. Farmers' risk coping ability is mainly affected by the proportion of family workers, human capital, material capital and social capital, etc. The impact of social capital on risk coping ability is greater than social capital and human capital.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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