中国土地流转问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 13:18

本文选题：土地流转　切入点：制度设计　出处：《北京邮电大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是中国这样一个人口大国最重要的经济基础。“无农不稳”的说法古已有之。在这个二、三产业日益繁荣的时代,农业的稳固和粮食的安全对中国依然极其重要,是国家繁荣稳定和人民安居乐业的物质基础,其缘由自不待言。众所周知,农业问题的核心在土地制度。随着我国城镇化的不断推进,农村劳动力开始大面积转移,加之农业生产周期长、投资回报低的特点,农地撂荒、闲置以及非农化经营等问题愈加突出,严重威胁到了我国农业的健康发展,逐渐将我国农村土地流转的问题凸显出来。本文以此为出发点,探究我国农村土地流转的可行之路,以期能够实现土地的规模化、专业化经营,提高生产效率、提升管理水平进而实现农业的现代化。文章首先对相关文献资料和统计数据进行了梳理,总结了世界各国土地流转的经验教训,阐释了土地流转问题的科学理论和基础,深入分析了当前我国农村土地流转面临的困境,提出了自己对我国当今农村土地流转问题的解决思路。笔者认为,应从体制、经济和权益三个方面多管齐下走出一条有中国特色社会主义的农村土地流转道路。首先,在制度上,坚持公有制不动摇,发挥市场基础性作用,以提高农业效益、促进农业现代化为目标,确定改革重点,设计相关关联机制；其次,在经济上,完善致力于农村经济发展的金融市场,一方面解决农民融资难的困境,一方面激发金融机构涉农借贷的积极性。针对农村土地流转的需求,创新、升级农业金融产品；在权益保护上,注重落实农民失地补偿标准和实施的市场化运作,同时兼顾农民生态权益的保护。文章围绕土地流转顶层设计这条主线进行详尽论述,同时紧紧守住农民利益保护这条底线,以人为本,在明确改革基本原则的前提下,切实解决土地流转中融资难、安置难等实际问题。解决农村土地流转问题涉及到土地的核心问题,牵涉利益较广,可谓牵一发而动全身。因此,想解决好土地流转问题,必须具有战略性眼光,统筹城市与农村的关系、统筹质量与效益的关系、统筹发展与环境的关系。纵向借鉴历史经验、横向对照国际实践,走出一条符合中国国情的土地流转改革之路。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the most important economic foundation for a large country with a large population. The saying "no agriculture is unstable" has been used in ancient times. In this era of increasing prosperity of the second and third industries, the stability of agriculture and the security of food are still extremely important to China. It is the material foundation of national prosperity and stability and people living and working in peace and contentment. As we all know, the core of the agricultural problem lies in the land system. With the development of urbanization in our country, the rural labor force begins to transfer in a large area, coupled with the characteristics of long agricultural production cycle and low return on investment, the farmland is abandoned. The problems of idle and non-agricultural management become more and more prominent, which seriously threaten the healthy development of agriculture in our country, and gradually highlight the problem of rural land circulation in China. This paper takes this as a starting point to explore the feasible way of rural land circulation in China. In order to realize the scale of land, specialized management, improve the efficiency of production, improve the management level and realize the modernization of agriculture. Firstly, the paper combs the relevant literature and statistical data, summarizes the experience and lessons of the land circulation around the world, and explains the scientific theory and foundation of the land circulation. This paper deeply analyzes the predicament of the rural land circulation in our country, and puts forward its own solution to the problem of the rural land circulation in our country. The economy and rights and interests have taken a multi-pronged approach to the circulation of rural land with Chinese characteristics. First of all, in terms of the system, we should adhere to public ownership and give full play to the fundamental role of the market in order to improve the efficiency of agriculture. Promote agricultural modernization as the goal, determine the reform focus, design related mechanisms; secondly, in the economic, improve the financial market committed to rural economic development, on the one hand, solve the plight of farmers financing difficulties, On the one hand, to stimulate the enthusiasm of financial institutions to borrow and borrow, to innovate and upgrade agricultural financial products in response to the needs of rural land circulation; and to pay attention to the implementation of compensation standards for farmers' loss of land and the implementation of market-oriented operation in the protection of their rights and interests. At the same time, the protection of farmers' ecological rights and interests. The article discusses in detail the main line of the top-level design of the land circulation, at the same time, firmly guarding the bottom line of protecting the interests of the peasants, putting people first, under the premise of making clear the basic principles of the reform, effectively solving the difficulty of financing in the land circulation. Difficult placement and other practical problems. Solving the problem of land circulation in rural areas involves the core issues of land, involves a wide range of interests, and can be described as a one-off move. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of land circulation, we must have a strategic vision and coordinate the relationship between cities and rural areas. The relationship between quality and benefit as a whole, the relationship between overall development and environment, drawing lessons from historical experience vertically and contrasting with international practice horizontally, will lead to a road of land circulation reform in accordance with China's national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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