易地扶贫搬迁户的识别:多维贫困测度及分解

发布时间：2018-03-23 00:07

  本文选题：易地扶贫搬迁　切入点：多维贫困　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：易地扶贫搬迁是精准扶贫主要实现途径"五个一批"工程中的重要举措之一,有效识别易地扶贫搬迁户及其特征既是贫困研究的基础理论问题,也是扶贫实践中精准帮扶的重要依据。但由于识别方法欠缺和工作偏差问题,有效识别搬迁户成为现实难题。本文从家庭禀赋、生态环境、基础设施与公共服务这三个维度构建了易地扶贫搬迁户识别的多维指标体系,根据扶贫搬迁户的特征差异,将搬迁农户分为家庭保障型、环境生存型和自我发展型三个类型,利用8省16县2 185户已纳入搬迁计划的农户样本,检验了多维指标体系下的扶贫搬迁户的识别情况,并采用回归分解方法分析了不同指标对识别准确率的贡献度。研究发现:(1)搬迁对象的识别存在一定比例的漏进,其中陕西、四川和云南三省搬迁农户的识别漏进比率最高,漏进的类型主要是自我发展型;(2)学校可及性、集市可及性、地理条件、医院可及性、人均耕地面积是对准确识别搬迁户的贡献度最大的五项指标。(3)现行搬迁目标并非完全由于生态恶劣而"非搬不可",部分农户受制于基础设施和公共服务条件的不足而被纳入了搬迁群体。本文所构建的扶贫搬迁户识别的多维指标体系,既为提高扶贫搬迁的瞄准效率和实施有针对性的配套政策提供参考依据,也为易地扶贫搬迁政策的效果评估提供了有理论价值和可操作化的视角。相关研究结论为后续扶贫搬迁工作提供了一些启示,扶贫搬迁项目需要重视搬迁对象的识别工作,并注意在部分自然条件尚可的区域,可以通过完善基础设施和公共服务供给的途径替代易地扶贫搬迁项目。
[Abstract]:It is one of the most important measures in the "five batch" projects to achieve the goal of precision poverty alleviation. It is the basic theoretical problem of poverty research to effectively identify the families and their characteristics of poverty alleviation and relocation. It is also an important basis for accurate help in poverty alleviation practice. However, due to the lack of identification methods and work bias, it becomes a practical problem to effectively identify relocated families. The three dimensions of infrastructure and public service construct a multi-dimensional index system to identify the relocation households. According to the differences of the characteristics of the families, the relocation farmers are divided into three types: family security type, environmental survival type and self-development type. Using the sample of 2,185 households in 16 counties in 8 provinces and counties that have been included in the relocation plan, the identification of poverty alleviation and relocation households under the multi-dimensional index system is tested. The contribution of different indexes to the recognition accuracy is analyzed by regression decomposition method. It is found that there is a certain proportion of leakage in the identification of the moving objects, among which Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces have the highest leakage rate. The main types of leakage are self-development type: school accessibility, market accessibility, geographical conditions, hospital accessibility, The per capita cultivated land area is the biggest contribution index to the accurate identification of the relocation households. 3) the current relocation target is not "necessary to move" because of the bad ecology, and some farmers are constrained by the infrastructure and public service conditions. The multi-dimensional index system of poverty alleviation and relocation is constructed in this paper. Both for improving the targeting efficiency of poverty alleviation and relocation and for the implementation of targeted supporting policies, It also provides a theoretical and operational perspective for the evaluation of the effect of poverty alleviation and relocation policy in different areas. The relevant research conclusions provide some enlightenment for the subsequent work of poverty alleviation and relocation, and the project of poverty alleviation and relocation needs to pay attention to the identification of the moving object. In some areas where natural conditions are available, it is possible to replace relocation projects by improving infrastructure and public service supply.
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院/农业与农村发展学院;清华大学中国农村研究院/公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫的机制与政策研究”(批准号:15ZDC026);国家社科基金青年项目“农村老年多维贫困与精准扶贫机制研究”(批准号:17CGL030) 清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目“跨越贫困陷阱:基于资本和权利的视角”(批准号:201627) 中国博士后科学基金资助项目“基于公共服务虚拟估算的农村贫困人口福利水平测量研究”(批准号:2017M610933)
【分类号】：D632.4;F323.8
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本文编号：1651000