2003年欧盟共同农业政策改革探析

发布时间：2018-03-25 12:20

本文选题：欧盟　切入点：共同农业政策　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的不断深入,尤其是全球多边贸易体制的发展,农业问题已经越来越引起人们的关注。20世纪50年代以来,欧洲经济一体化逐渐成熟,从起初的煤钢共同体,经历了关税同盟、共同市场和欧洲共同体,发展成为了今天的欧洲联盟。它是第二次世界大战以后世界上出现的最重要的经济现象之一。在过去的半个世纪的时间里,其实践经验令人瞩目,在未来的一段时间里,其可预见的发展前途不容忽视。在欧洲经济一体化的历程中,共同农业政策是欧盟内部实施的第一项共同政策,始终占有非常重要和特殊的地位。欧盟的共同农业政策(英文简称CAP),是欧盟对自身农业在市场和生产经济上实行的统一行为准则,是以政策法规在其内部各国实行的多国联合政府的干预。实施40年,共同农业政策对欧盟农业保护和发展起到了巨大作用。共同农业政策的核心是价格支持政策。在CAP实施的前10年里,价格支持政策的确起到了提高农业劳动生产率、增加农产品供给、稳定市场和价格的效果。但是,随着欧盟从农产品净进口国向主要农产品出口国的转变,CAP对农产品的价格支持导致大量农产品过剩,使CAP代价高昂。CAP的开支占欧盟总支出的比例曾高达73%,至今仍占欧盟预算支出的45%,欧盟的财政不堪重负。此外,由于欧盟使用巨额的出口补贴,加剧了欧盟与贸易伙伴国的贸易摩擦和冲突,CAP在国际上也倍受指责。为了减轻财政负担、减少农产品过剩、增强农产品的国际竞争力和适应WTO规则,欧盟自20世纪60年代末开始对CAP进行了一系列的调整和改革。20世纪90年代,欧盟对CAP进行了两次基础性的改革:1992年改革和2000年议程,主要措施是将价格支持转为直接收入支持。2003年6月欧盟又通过最新方案,被称为2003年改革,主要措施是将挂勾的直接补贴改为不挂勾的直接补贴。本文旨在研究2003年欧盟共同农业政策改革的内在机制,包括改革发生的原因,改革的内容和本次改革的影响和不足之处等。本文分为四个部分:第一章对欧盟共同农业政策的改革的背景进行了概述,包括欧盟共同农业政策的总体概述,并且大致介绍了1992年和1999年两次共同农业政策改革。第二章介绍了本次改革的内容,主要包括脱勾支付、强制动态调整机制、具体部门性措施和环境保护措施四个方面。第三章阐述了2003年欧盟共同农业政策改革的特点。第四章从外部及内部两个方面分析了2003年欧盟共同农业政策改革的动因。第五章分析了改革前欧盟各方对于本次改革的态度。第六章阐述了本次改革的积极影响,从宏观的历史意义和微观的具体影响两个方面分析。第七章论述了本次改革的不足。第八章粗略介绍了近几年共同农业政策改革的大概情况并对欧盟共同农业政策在未来的发展做了展望。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization, especially the development of the global multilateral trading system, agricultural problems have attracted more and more attention. Since the 1950s, European economic integration has gradually matured, from the beginning of the coal and steel community, Through the customs union, the common market and the European Community, it has evolved into today's European Union. It has been one of the most important economic phenomena in the world since the second World War. In the course of European economic integration, the common agricultural policy is the first common policy implemented within the European Union. The common agricultural policy of the European Union (known as CAPU) is the EU's unified code of conduct on its own agriculture in the market and production economy. It is the intervention of the multinational coalition government in its internal countries by means of policies and regulations. It has been in effect for 40 years. The common agricultural policy has played a significant role in the protection and development of agriculture in the EU. The core of the common agricultural policy is the price support policy. In the first 10 years of CAP implementation, the price support policy did improve agricultural labor productivity. Increasing the supply of agricultural products, stabilizing markets and prices. However, as the European Union shifts from a net importer of agricultural products to a major exporter of agricultural products, CAP's price support for agricultural products has led to a large surplus of agricultural products. The cost of CAP was as high as 73 percent of the EU's total expenditure. It still accounts for 45 percent of the EU's budget expenditure, and the EU's finances are overburdened. In addition, because the EU uses huge export subsidies, Trade frictions and conflicts between the European Union and its trading partners have also been criticized internationally. In order to reduce the financial burden, reduce the surplus of agricultural products, enhance the international competitiveness of agricultural products and adapt to WTO rules, Since the end of the 1960s, the European Union has carried out a series of adjustments and reforms to the CAP. In the 1990s, the European Union has carried out two fundamental reforms to the CAP: the 1992 reform and the 2000 agenda. The main measure is to shift price support to direct income support. In June 2003, the European Union adopted the latest package, known as the 2003 reform. The main measure is to replace the linked direct subsidy with the unlinked direct subsidy. This paper aims to study the internal mechanism of the EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003, including the reasons for the reform. This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter summarizes the background of the EU Common Agricultural Policy reform, including the general overview of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The second chapter introduces the content of this reform, mainly including detick payment, forced dynamic adjustment mechanism. Chapter three describes the characteristics of EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003. Chapter 4 analyzes the EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003 from both external and internal aspects. The fifth chapter analyzes the attitudes of the EU parties to the reform before the reform, and the sixth chapter describes the positive impact of the reform. Chapter 7 discusses the deficiency of this reform. Chapter 8 introduces the general situation of the common agricultural policy reform in recent years and gives a brief introduction to the common agricultural policy of the European Union. The development of the strategy in the future is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F310

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