新疆玛纳斯县农田防护林经营问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 06:28

本文选题：农田防护林　切入点：防护林经营　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着人口、资源与环境等全球性失衡问题的出现,自然灾害频发、农田生态系统的抗逆性渐弱,农业生产越来越困难。新疆境内生态环境脆弱,绿洲生态环境面临严峻挑战,农田林网生态工程等规划启动、具体实施、稳步推进,有力促进了绿洲生产生态系统的平衡稳定。但随着农田规模化经营、条田整治、耕地置换等政策实施,加之农村区域经济的不尽合理发展,毁林毁草,开荒移地,以及农户经营思想的僵化和水资源的不尽合理配置,现有防护林体系的种种问题日渐迸发,防护效能不能满足经济、社会可持续发展的需求,农田林网生态工程可持续经营受到严重威胁。因而,系统评估并挖掘农田防护林可持续经营的制约因素成为当前迫切之需。本文以新疆玛纳斯县农田防护林的系列经营问题为研究对象。综合运用可持续发展理论、生态安全理论、农户行为理论等,理论与实践相结合、定性与定量分析相结合,首先从县域视角出发、评价县域内各个乡镇农田防护林经营稳定性的状态;然后从农户视角出发,通过对五个样本乡镇181户农户进行访谈和问卷调查,分析当前玛纳斯县农田防护林经营现状、特点以及可持续实现的制约因素,并采用Probit回归模型分析各个营林因子对玛纳斯县农田防护林可持续经营的影响,并在两者的基础上提出保障性对策:研究发现:玛纳斯县农田防护林断带现象严重、复层结构失宜、更新管护滞后,资源竞争激化,经营稳定性脆弱,结构稳定性稍有不足等系列问题。通过Probit回归分析发现营林意识、营林资源、林改政策、灾害因子、产出效益等在不同控制变量下均对农田防护林可持续经营产生影响。为了更好的促进玛纳斯县农田防护林的可持续经营,需要进一步提高农田防护林的功能与价值认知,建立营林监督责任制度;调整林网结构与经济树种比例,发展立体林业;进一步完善集体林权改革、水资源保障机制,扶持林业产业化经营;提高财政支持力度,拓宽农田防护林融资渠道;培养林业科技人员与推广技术,加强林业基层组织管理制度素质培训,以促进农田防护林可持续经营。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the emergence of global imbalance problems such as population, resources and environment, natural disasters occur frequently, the resistance of farmland ecosystem becomes weaker, and agricultural production becomes more and more difficult. The ecological environment of oasis is faced with severe challenges, and the planning, concrete implementation and steady progress of the ecological engineering of farmland forestry network have promoted the balance and stability of the oasis production ecosystem. However, with the large-scale management of farmland, the regulation of strip fields, With the implementation of policies such as the replacement of arable land, the irrational development of the rural regional economy, the destruction of forests and grass, the exploitation of wasteland, the ossification of farmers' management ideas and the improper allocation of water resources, the problems of the existing shelterbelt system have burst out day by day. The efficiency of protection can not meet the needs of sustainable development of economy and society, and the sustainable management of farmland forest network ecological engineering is seriously threatened. It is urgent to systematically evaluate and excavate the restriction factors of farmland shelterbelt sustainable management. This paper takes the series of management problems of farmland shelterbelt in Manas County, Xinjiang as the research object, synthetically applies the theory of sustainable development and the theory of ecological security. The theory of farmers' behavior, the combination of theory and practice, the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the evaluation of the stability of farmland shelterbelt management from the perspective of county, and then from the perspective of farmers, Through the interview and questionnaire survey of 181 peasant households in five sample villages and towns, this paper analyzes the current situation, characteristics and constraints of sustainable realization of farmland shelterbelt management in Manas County. Probit regression model was used to analyze the influence of various forest factors on the sustainable management of farmland shelterbelt in Manas County, and on the basis of the two factors, the following countermeasures were put forward: the phenomenon of farmland shelterbelt break was serious in Manas County. A series of problems, such as improper layer structure, delayed renewal and management, intensified competition of resources, fragile management stability and slight structural stability, were found by Probit regression analysis, such as forestry awareness, forest resources, forest reform policies, disaster factors, etc. In order to better promote the sustainable management of farmland shelterbelt in Manas County, it is necessary to further improve the function and value cognition of farmland shelterbelt. To establish the system of supervision responsibility for forest management; to adjust the ratio of forest network structure to economic tree species, to develop three-dimensional forestry; to further improve the reform of collective forest rights, the mechanism of water resources protection, and to support the management of forestry industrialization; to enhance the financial support; In order to promote the sustainable management of farmland shelterbelt, we should broaden the financing channel of farmland shelterbelt, train forestry science and technology personnel and popularize technology, strengthen the quality training of management system of forestry grass-roots organization.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.27

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