基于村庄压煤山丘区土地综合整治的生态村规划设计

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:22

本文选题：生态村规划　切入点：压煤村庄　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2005年国家提出“建设社会主义新农村”目标,全国各地美丽乡村的建设行动逐步开展进行,已取得很多成功案例和成果。但由于我国传统农业生产多为小规模经营,不利于新农村建设工作中农业生产效率的提高。本文研究区—村庄压煤山丘区:煤炭开采引起土地塌陷、水资源区域性破坏等一系列问题,压煤村庄搬迁后又易造成农户耕作难度加大、塌陷土地的闲置与荒芜。本文针对以上问题,在国家新农村建设和土地流转等政策的支持下,基于生态安全门槛理论、人地协调理论、土地可持续利用理论和景观生态学理论,运用ArcGIS空间分析和Fragstats景观格局分析功能,系统划分生态村功能区,标定三生用地,并对规划前后的土地利用格局进行分析,主要有以下几个结论:(1)从土地的适宜性和生态性两方面进行生态村用地布局较为科学。采用层次分析法建立用地适宜性评价体系,利用GIS技术可以为生态村的功能分区提供科学的依据和技术支持;定量分析结合景观的独立性与系统性原则,进一步考虑土地生态性确定生态村空间布局。(2)在景观层面上来说,生态村的规划结果较为合理。生态村规划前后景观格局变化结果表明:耕地的变化有利于提高实际种植面积和机械化程度,有助于规模经营的发展。森林覆盖率提高,草地景观连接性变好,对于生物物种迁移或其他生态过程的顺利进展有十分重要的意义。未利用地被水土保持林取代,在某种程度上这种变化有利于研究区的水土保持和景观的恢复与保护。在整个景观水平上,有连通度较高的优势景观类型存在,即林地优势度明显。(3)本文将空间布局、用途标定和土地利用格局分析三者联系起来,形成循环,有利于生态村土地利用空间格局的不断优化。通过土地利用格局分析对空间布局和用途标定进行生态评价,根据评价结果对空间布局和用途标定进行修正,三者形成循环,有利于生态村土地利用空间格局的不断优化。本文对压煤村庄搬迁后原村址的规划设计是对村域规划方法的尝试和探讨,以期为同类型区域的研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:Since 2005, the government put forward the goal of "building a new socialist countryside", and the construction of beautiful villages in various parts of the country has been carried out step by step, and many successful cases and achievements have been achieved.However, the traditional agricultural production in our country is mostly small-scale management, which is not conducive to the improvement of agricultural production efficiency in the construction of new countryside.In this paper, a series of problems, such as land collapse caused by coal mining and regional destruction of water resources, are studied. After the relocation of coal compaction villages, it is easy to increase the difficulty of farming by farmers, and the idle and desolation of collapsing land.In view of the above problems, supported by the national new rural construction and land transfer policies, based on the ecological security threshold theory, human-land coordination theory, land sustainable use theory and landscape ecology theory,By using the functions of ArcGIS spatial analysis and Fragstats landscape pattern analysis, the functional areas of ecological village are systematically divided, the land use of Sansheng is demarcated, and the land use pattern before and after planning is analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the ecological village land distribution is scientific from the two aspects of land suitability and ecology.Using AHP to establish the evaluation system of land suitability, using GIS technology can provide scientific basis and technical support for the functional zoning of ecological villages, quantitative analysis combined with the independence and systematic principles of landscape,Further consider the land ecology to determine the ecological village spatial layout. 2) on the landscape level, the ecological village planning results are more reasonable.The result of landscape pattern change before and after ecological village planning shows that the change of cultivated land is beneficial to improve the actual planting area and mechanization degree, and is helpful to the development of scale management.The increase of forest cover and the improvement of grassland landscape connectivity are of great significance for the smooth progress of biological species migration and other ecological processes.The unused land is replaced by soil and water conservation forest. To some extent, this change is beneficial to soil and water conservation and landscape restoration and protection in the study area.At the whole landscape level, there are dominant landscape types with high connectivity, that is, forestland dominance is obvious.) in this paper, spatial layout, land use calibration and land use pattern analysis are connected to form a cycle.It is conducive to the continuous optimization of land use spatial pattern in ecological villages.Based on the analysis of land use pattern, the ecological evaluation of spatial layout and land use calibration was carried out, and the spatial layout and use calibration were revised according to the evaluation results. The three forms a cycle, which is conducive to the continuous optimization of land use spatial pattern in ecological villages.In this paper, the planning and design of the original village site after the relocation of the coal cladding village is an attempt and discussion of the village area planning method, in order to provide a reference for the study of the same type of area.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

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