公安县耕地细碎化及其对粮食生产能力影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 23:16

本文选题：耕地细碎化 + 粮食生产能力　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为不可再生又非常稀缺的耕地资源,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要基础。长久以来,我国耕地都存在着人均耕地少,优质耕地少,后备耕地资源不足等特点。充足的耕地资源是粮食安全的保证,是关系国计民生的大计。为了改变我国耕地资源严重不足的困境,稳定并增加耕地面积,维持并提高耕地生产力,防范和治理耕地污染状况,采取有效措施消除危害显得迫在眉睫。当前许多国家在农业发展过程中都要面临一个重要的问题——耕地细碎化。在地广人稀的地区,耕地细碎化问题还不太严重,然而在人多地少的地方,耕地细碎化问题比较突出,规模经营的扩大和农业机械化的进程无法避免地将受到较大的阻碍,这在一定程度上对农作物的产量也会带来负面影响。耕地细碎化是指耕地由于受到自然和社会经济因素的影响,在生产过程中出现地块数多、单块面积较小、肥瘦不一、农户家庭距离地块远近不同的经营现象。从现在的研究进展看来,耕地细碎化的影响主要包括两个方面来探讨。一方面,许多学者认为,耕地细碎化将促使农户调整种植结构,多元化种植逐渐兴起,种植的种类和技术将会实现新的突破,这样一来,农业生产风险可以得到有效地降低,广大农户也可以实现创收的目标,农民的生活水平也可以得到更大的提高。然而另一方面,也有相当一部分学着认为,耕地细碎化将影响农业机械的使用效率,降低规模生产效率,从而降低农业投入产出的水平。本文将从耕地细碎化分析这部分入手,选用景观格局指数中的斑块密度、边缘密度、平均斑块面积、最大斑块指数、平均分形分维数、面积加权平均地块形状指数、聚集度指数和景观分离度指数等8个指标作为评价公安县耕地细碎化状况的指标。通过各指标数据的处理和分析,得出公安县位于平原湖区的乡镇耕地细碎化程度比位于山地、丘岗等乡镇的低,可见耕地细碎化程度会受到土壤、地形、河流流向、湖泊分布等自然因素的影响。首先进行公安县耕地细碎化现状分析,然后借用于公安县耕地质量等级监测和公安县农用地分等项目成果,研究耕地细碎化对粮食现实生产能力的影响。研究结果表明,耕地细碎化对粮食生产能力影响较显著,主要表现为负面的影响。在耕地细碎化指标中,聚集度指数和景观分散度指数对粮食生产能力影响最为显著。聚集度指数高的地区,耕地细碎化程度低,这样有利于农户大面积机械化生产,提高生产效率,从而实现粮食产量的提升。而景观分散度指数是从不同的方向来阐述的,景观分散度指数越大,代表耕地细碎化程度越高,耕地被分割成许多细小的地块,自然不利于大面积规模化生产,因此它对粮食生产能力会产生负面的影响。
[Abstract]:As a non-renewable and very scarce cultivated land resource, it is an important foundation for the survival and development of human society.For a long time, the cultivated land in China has the characteristics of less per capita cultivated land, less high quality cultivated land and insufficient reserve cultivated land resources.Sufficient cultivated land resources is the guarantee of food security, is a matter of national economy and people's livelihood.In order to change the predicament of serious shortage of cultivated land resources, stabilize and increase cultivated land area, maintain and improve cultivated land productivity, prevent and control the situation of cultivated land pollution, it is urgent to take effective measures to eliminate the harm.At present, many countries have to face an important problem in the process of agricultural development-the fine fragmentation of cultivated land.The problem of fine fragmentation of cultivated land is not too serious in areas with limited population. However, in places with a large population and less land, the problem of fine fragmentation of cultivated land is more prominent, and the expansion of scale management and the process of agricultural mechanization will inevitably be greatly hindered.To some extent, this will have a negative impact on crop yields.Because of the influence of natural and social economic factors, the fine fragmentation of cultivated land refers to the phenomenon that there are many plots in the production process, the single area is smaller, the fat is not the same, and the farmers' families are far and near different from the plots.From the current research progress, the impact of farmland fragmentation mainly includes two aspects to explore.On the one hand, many scholars believe that the fine fragmentation of cultivated land will promote farmers to adjust their planting structure, diversify planting gradually rise, the types and techniques of planting will achieve new breakthroughs, so that the risk of agricultural production can be effectively reduced.Farmers can also achieve the goal of income generation, farmers' living standards can also be improved.However, on the other hand, some scholars believe that the fineness of cultivated land will affect the efficiency of agricultural machinery use, reduce the efficiency of scale production, and thus reduce the level of agricultural input and output.In this paper, the patch density, edge density, average patch area, maximum patch index, fractal fractal dimension, area-weighted average block shape index of landscape pattern index are selected.Eight indexes, such as aggregation index and landscape separation index, are used to evaluate the fine fragmentation of cultivated land in Gongan County.Through the processing and analysis of the index data, it is concluded that the degree of fine farmland fragmentation in the villages and towns in the plain and lake area of the public security county is lower than that in the villages and towns such as the mountainous areas and the hilly areas. It can be seen that the degree of the fineness of cultivated land will be affected by soil, topography, river flow,The influence of natural factors such as lake distribution.Firstly, the present situation of cultivated land fragmentation in public security county is analyzed, and then the effect of fine farmland fragmentation on grain production capacity is studied by using the project results of quality grade monitoring of cultivated land in public security county and agricultural land classification in public security county.The results showed that the grain production capacity was significantly affected by the fineness of cultivated land, which was mainly negative.Among the fineness indexes of cultivated land, the aggregation index and landscape dispersity index had the most significant influence on the grain production capacity.In the areas with high aggregation index, the degree of fineness of cultivated land is low, which is conducive to the mechanization of farmers in large areas and to the improvement of production efficiency, so as to achieve the increase of grain production.The landscape dispersion index is elaborated from different directions. The greater the landscape dispersion index, the higher the degree of fineness of cultivated land, and the cultivated land is divided into many small plots, which is naturally not conducive to large-scale production.Therefore, it will have a negative impact on grain production capacity.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211;F326.11

【参考文献】