菏泽棉花产业发展困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 02:38

本文选题：山东菏泽 + 棉花产业　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：同山东省其他的传统植棉地区一样,菏泽棉花产业近些年来也面临着种植规模递减、生产加工能力变弱的情况。本文立足于菏泽棉花产业的发展现状,通过研究现今菏泽棉花产业在发展过程中所面临的困境和问题,总结出这些困境的表现及形成原因,为今后菏泽棉花产业发展制定出科学的应对策略。这对于菏泽市转变传统的棉花产业发展方式,选择合理的发展道路,促进菏泽棉花产业健康有序发展具有重要的现实意义。本文以棉花产业链的视角为着手点,系统分析了菏泽棉花产业中良种繁育环节、种植环节、收购初加工环节以及各环节相互之间的联系方面在发展过程中所面临的困境,揭示出它们各自所存在的问题。同时也通过构建解释结构模型分析了形成菏泽棉花产业发展困境的各因素间的关联关系与层次结构,明确了相互间的逻辑关系,分清主次。从研究中可以发现:(1)棉花产业链对比其他农作物的产业链条来说要长,所涉及的生产和加工部门较多,关联度大。但是各部门之间并没有形成利益和风险的统一体,使得相互间的影响也较大,导致其中一个环节出现问题也会波及到另一个环节。(2)在良种繁育环节中所出现的问题是棉种企业在棉种的繁育和生产过程中只重视经济效益而忽视了对棉种的繁育要求和质量管控,同时监管和引导的缺失使得菏泽目前棉籽市场上的棉花品种多、乱、杂,优良种子少,棉农在选择棉种上具有盲目性和随意性,致使生产出的棉花质量参差不齐。(3)在种植环节中的问题是当前菏泽棉花的生产成本持续上升,但是比较效益却没有种植其他农作物好,所以引起棉农植棉的意愿降低,而选择了改种其他农作物。同时种植规模的分散和机械化应用程度的低下也制约着菏泽棉花的产业化发展道路。(4)在收购初加工环节中,承担着棉花主要加工功能的轧花厂还有一些油棉厂由于丧失了原料资源原因等都出现了开工不足、盈利减少甚至停产倒闭的现象。还有就是菏泽棉花副产品的综合利用程度低,棉花身上可待继续加工创造效益的部分都被白白浪费掉了。(5)在构建的菏泽棉花产业发展困境的解释结构模型中,得到了以下结果。机械化和集约化的程度低、政府对棉花产业的扶持力度弱、市场监管的缺失是形成菏泽棉花产业困境的最重要的根源原因;植棉规模的减少、棉加工企业开工不足、盈利减少、倒闭增加等因素是菏泽棉花产业发展困境最直接的表现;而品种多乱杂、生产成本高、比较效益低、植棉费工费时、改种其他农作物、基础设施落后、综合利用程度低、行业竞争无序是其主要的中层影响因素。根据上述研究结果本文提出了以下几点解决对策和建议。第一点是维护棉种的市场秩序,加强监管,严抓棉种的质量,改善行业经营的现状;继续做好优良棉花品种的选育工作,加大财政对其的支持。第二点是为降低棉花的生产成本、提升植棉的效益要推行轻简化生产和棉花与多种农作物间套种的栽培技术,加大对机械设备的投入,完善菏泽棉区土地经营流转,支持棉花合作社的发展,促使菏泽棉花生产向着集约化、规模化的方向迈进。第三点为了加强加工企业对原料的控制、减轻对棉农和收购商的依赖、保证原料质量,轧花厂可以探索新型的发展模式,引入对棉花的种植,拿出一部分资金自己承包土地,雇佣农民来进行管理;引导建立多种类型的棉副产品加工厂,延长棉副产品的加工深度,增加棉花生产的效益。第四点是加强棉花产业链各环节的联系,以使产业链各环节协同发展来促进菏泽棉花产业的发展。第五点是强化政府对棉花产业的扶持政策,明确菏泽各级政府及有关部门在棉花科技推广体系发展中所起的作用,加大对棉花产业的补贴力度。
[Abstract]:As with other traditional cotton planting area of Shandong Province, Heze cotton industry in recent years are also facing growing scale decline, production capacity is weak. The development based on the status quo of Heze cotton industry, difficulties and problems through the study of present Heze cotton industry in the development process faced, summed up the plight of the performance and causes, countermeasures for future scientific development of Heze cotton industry development. The transformation of the mode of the traditional cotton industry development for the city of Heze, choose a reasonable development path, promoting has important practical significance to the healthy and orderly development of Heze cotton industry. The cotton industry chain perspective as a starting point, analyzed the breeding process Heze, the cotton industry cultivation, in the development process faces difficulties early contact the acquisition processing link and the link between Exit, to reveal their respective problems. At the same time through the analysis of the construction of the relationship and structure of various factors in the formation of Heze cotton industry development dilemma between the structural model, the logical relationship between each other, to distinguish between primary and secondary. From the research we find that: (1) the cotton industry chain compared to other crops the industrial chain is long, involved in the production and processing of many departments, related degree. But there is no unified form of benefits and risks between the various departments, the mutual influence is large, resulting in a part of the problem will be spread to another link. (2) appeared in thoroughbred part of the problem is the breeding of cotton enterprises in breeding and production process of cotton seeds only attach importance to economic benefits and ignore the requirements of cotton seed breeding and quality control at the same time, the lack of supervision and guidance makes Heze at present On the market many varieties of cotton seed, chaos, miscellaneous, good seed, cotton has blindness and randomness in the choice of cotton, resulting in uneven quality of cotton produced. (3) in the growing problems in the current Heze cotton production costs continue to rise, but the benefit is not the cultivation of other crops well, it caused the cotton farmers will reduce, and the choice to switch to other crops. At the same time, the scale of planting mechanization application of dispersion and low degree of industrialization also restricts the development of Heze cotton. (4) in the initial acquisition and processing aspects, bear the main processing function of cotton ginning factories and some cotton oil factory due to the loss of the raw material resources reasons appear inadequate and less profitable or even stop the collapse phenomenon. There is a degree of comprehensive utilization of Heze cotton by-products, cotton body can continue to be The processing to create effective parts are wasted. (5) explain the structure model in the construction of Heze cotton industry development dilemma, the following results were obtained. The mechanization and intensive low level of government support for the cotton industry is weak, the lack of market regulation for the formation of Heze cotton industry dilemma the most important root cause; reduce the scale of cotton, cotton processing enterprises underemployment, reduce profits, increase collapse factors such as the development of Heze cotton industry dilemma the most direct; and chaotic hybrid varieties, high production cost, low efficiency, time-consuming cotton, replant other crops, poor infrastructure, low level of comprehensive utilization and the factors influencing the disorderly competition in the industry is mainly middle. According to the above research results this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions. The first is to maintain the market order of cotton, strengthen supervision, Strict quality of cotton, improving the status of industry selection; continue to do the work of fine cotton varieties, increase financial support for the. Second is to reduce the cost of cotton production, cotton benefit to enhance the implementation of simplified production and a variety of crops and cotton intercropping cultivation techniques for the increase of mechanical equipment the investment in Heze, improve land management transfer, support the development of cotton cooperatives, promote Heze cotton production to intensive, towards the direction of scale. Third in order to strengthen the control of raw material processing enterprises, reduce dependence on farmers and buyers, to ensure the quality of raw materials, cotton ginning factory can explore new development model, the introduction of on the cultivation of cotton, a portion of funds in their contracted land management, employment of farmers; to guide the establishment of various types of cotton by-products processing plant, processing by-product of cotton extension The depth, increase cotton production efficiency. The fourth is to strengthen all aspects of the cotton industry chain links, so that all sectors of the industry chain development to promote the development of cotton industry in Heze. The fifth is supporting policies for the cotton industry to strengthen the government, Heze government and relevant departments at all levels in the development of science and technology promotion system in cotton the role of the cotton industry to increase subsidies.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.12

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