江汉平原农户土地利用行为及其对粮食生产的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:54

  本文选题：江汉平原 + 农户土地利用　； 参考：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农户作为土地利用的主体,土地作为土地利用的客体,这两者在农业生产中具有不可替代的作用。目前,我国的土地经营的最小单位是农户,作为最基本的农村微观经济单位,农户对土地的利用直接决定农业生产总量和增长速度。土地作为生产资料,也和其它生产资料一样,其投入量与使用方式的变化直接影响着农业生产的结果。所以,农户的土地利用行为与农村经济增长、农民自身增收、农村环境和粮食生产等密切相关。因此,对新型城镇化背景下农户土地利用行为的调查与研究,对提高农地资源的综合效益、提高农户收入水平、加快农村经济发展和保证粮食安全具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本文采用实地调查法、文献资料法及主成分分析法、线性回归分析法等数理统计法,以1980—2013年江汉平原地区农户的农业生产规模、方式以及投入要素的各项数据资料为基础,详细分析了30多年以来江汉平原农户土地利用行为的变化特征和影响因素,及其对粮食生产的影响。得出如下结论:(1)农户土地利用的行为由农户目标和生产力水平共同决定。江汉平原农户土地利用行为的目标大致可以分为三类:第一类,农户的目标是为了满足仅家庭生活需求;第二类,农户目标是在满足家庭生活需求的前提下追求一定的利润;第三类,农户的目标完全是为了追求经济利润。(2)生产力水平方面的影响因素主要是社会环境和农户自身,影响农户土地利用的社会环境主要是指农业政策(包括粮食补贴、农业税减免)和区域经济发展,而农户从事农业生产的自身影响因素主要是指农户家庭中从事农业生产的劳动力的数量和质量。(3)江汉平原农户土地利用行为的变化主要表现在农地利用结构、农地耕作方式、农地集约度等三个方面。在土地利用结构方面,从1980年以来,江汉平原的总体耕地面积逐渐增加,但是耕地内部结构波动较大,尤其是进入21世纪以后,水稻的播种面积逐步下降。在耕作方式方面,传统的劳动密集型耕作方式在逐渐地减少,取而代之的是更多的机械耕作。在集约度方面,劳动力的投入量逐渐减少,而资金和技术的投入量逐渐增加。(4)粮食补贴政策对江汉平原粮食种植的激励效果并不明显;免征农业税对江汉平原农户增加农地投入、减少抛荒、提高土地质量和增加土地利用率等方面起到了促进作用。江汉平原经济的快速发展带动了第二、三产业的发展,那么就需要更多的劳动力投入到第二、三产业中,导致农业劳动力逐渐减少,这就促进江汉平原的农地耕作方式向机械化方式转型。(5)江汉平原地区农户的自身因素对土地利用影响的特点是:农业劳动力的数量越多、质量越高,这类农户的土地经营面积越大,土地利用效率也越高。(6)江汉平原的粮食产量受耕地利用结构、粮食播种面积、耕地复种指数和粮食单产等几个因素的影响比较明显。在江汉平原水稻播种面积减少、耕地复种指数下降的情况下,水稻的产量却没有大幅下降,这主要归功于水稻单产的提高。
[Abstract]:Farmers as the main body of land use, land as the object of land use, the two have an irreplaceable role in agricultural production. At present, the minimum unit of land management in China is farmers, as the most basic rural microeconomic units, farmers directly determine the total agricultural production and growth rate. As for the production data and the other production data, the change of its input and use mode directly affects the results of agricultural production. Therefore, the land use behavior of farmers is closely related to the growth of rural economy, the increase of farmers' own income, and the rural environment and grain production. Therefore, the land use behavior of farmers under the new urbanization background. Investigation and research are of great theoretical and practical significance to improving the comprehensive benefits of farmland resources, raising the income level of farmers, speeding up the development of rural economy and ensuring the security of grain. This paper adopts the field survey method, literature method, principal component analysis, linear regression analysis and other mathematical statistics, from 1980 to 2013, Jiang Hanping Based on the data of agricultural production scale, mode and input factors of farmers in the original area, the change characteristics and influence factors of farmers' land use behavior in Jianghan Plain for more than 30 years and its influence on grain production have been analyzed in detail. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the behavior of farmers' land use is from farmers' goal and productivity water. The goal of land use behavior of farmers in Jianghan plain can be divided into three categories: first, the goal of farmers is to meet the needs of only family life; the second kind, the goal of farmers is to pursue a certain profit on the premise of meeting the needs of family life; the third kind, the goal of farmers is to pursue economic profit. (2) students (2) The main factors affecting the productivity level are the social environment and the farmers themselves. The social environment that affects the land use of farmers mainly refers to agricultural policies (including grain subsidies, agricultural tax relief) and regional economic development, while farmers' own influence factors of agricultural production mainly refer to the labor force engaged in agricultural production in farmers' families. Quantity and quality. (3) the changes in land use behavior of farmers in Jianghan Plain are mainly manifested in three aspects of land use structure, farming methods, and farmland intensive degree. Since 1980, the total arable land area of Jianghan Plain has gradually increased since 1980, but the internal structure of cultivated land fluctuates greatly, especially in twenty-first Century. In the field of tillage, the traditional labor intensive farming methods are gradually decreasing, and more mechanical tillage is replaced by the traditional farming methods. In the aspect of intensivism, the input of labor force is gradually reduced and the investment of capital and technology is gradually increasing. (4) grain subsidies policy on the grain species of Jianghan Plain. The incentive effect of planting is not obvious. Exemption from agricultural tax has played an important role in increasing farmland input, reducing waste, improving land quality and increasing land use rate in Jianghan Plain. The rapid economic development of Jianghan Plain has led to the development of the second, third industry, which requires more labor to be put into the second, third industry. In the middle, the agricultural labor force is gradually reduced, which promotes the transformation of farming methods to mechanization in Jianghan Plain. (5) the characteristics of the influence of farmers' own factors on land use in Jianghan Plain are: the more the quantity of agricultural labor, the higher the quality, the greater the land management area of these farmers, the higher the efficiency of land use. (6) The grain yield of Jianghan Plain is influenced by several factors, such as the structure of cultivated land, the grain sown area, the replanting index of the cultivated land and the grain yield, and so on. In the case of the decrease of the sown area of the rice in the Jianghan Plain and the decline of the replanting index of the cultivated land, the yield of rice has not fallen sharply, which is mainly due to the increase of rice yield.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1;F326.11
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本文编号：1806505