基于区域差异视角的我国森林生态补偿效果及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 05:36

本文选题：森林生态补偿 + 效果评价　；参考：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不断恶化的生态环境已成为人类生存与发展的瓶颈问题,在这一背景下,人类开始探索可持续发展。生态补偿作为改善生态环境以促使人与自然和谐发展的有效方法,在国内外被广泛使用。中国的生态补偿开始于二十世纪八十年代,随后中央政府和各级地方政府都开展了大量生态补偿工程,学术界也围绕这一课题进行了深入讨论。森林作为陆地生态系统的主要构成部分,其生态价值占我国生态系统价值的46%(谢高地等,2015),针对其的生态补偿政策是研究者与政策制定者最为关注的一类生态补偿,也是我国投入最大、效果最好、时间最持久的生态补偿门类分支。在宏观分析整体生态补偿产出效果存在困难的现状下,对森林生态补偿产出效果的分析结果一定程度上反映了我国整体的生态补偿政策实施现状。自二十世纪九十年代以来,国家实施了退耕还林、三北防护林工程、长江黄河中上游天然林资源保护工程、珠江流域防护林体系工程等大型森林生态补偿项目,取得了良好效果。从研究的区域尺度来看,目前生态补偿产出效果研究与生态补偿产出效果影响因素的分析方式分为两类:一是微观层面通过问卷调查结合一些评估方法定量与定性评价,这一类的分析直接效果明显,对研究区域的指导意义强,是目前生态补偿产出效果评价的主流方法,但成本高昂,很少有研究者有这样的研究条件;二是宏观层面对现状罗列与定性分析,或再加以简单的描述统计,这一类的研究所占比例较低。我国的生态补偿是典型的政府主导型生态补偿,政策决策者需要宏观层面的研究支持。加之生态补偿在我国不断深入的开展,数据缺失的情况正在不断改善,已经具备了一些宏观研究条件。本文尝试在现有的条件下对我国的森林生态补偿产出效果从区域差异的角度进行评价分析,并对这种区域差异的产生原因进行了详细分析。1.文中首先对生态补偿研究领域的一些相关概念进行了界定,对相关的理论基础进行了梳理与介绍,对生态补偿政策实施原理进行了介绍。2.随后,梳理了现有的生态补偿与生态补偿产出效果评价研究,并对现有研究做出评述。3.之后,在综合现有研究条件并分析其科学性之后,提出以年新增防护林面积作为森林生态补偿产出效果的评价基础,根据谢高地的生态价值当量表按省份计算了2005-2014年森林生态补偿产出价值的货币形式。基于具有互补作用的基尼系数与泰尔指数,对森林生态补偿产出、人均森林生态补偿产出与森林生态补偿产出密度的区域差异进行了详细分析。4.最后结合本文研究与已有研究罗列出生态补偿产出效果的可能影响因素,使用2011至2014年全国面板数据对森林生态补偿产出、人均森林生态补偿产出与森林生态补偿产出密度的影响因素进行了实证检验,并基于所得回归方程按年份分解各因素对区域差异的贡献情况。本文的主要结论有:1.我国森林生态补偿产出存在显著的区域差异,时间趋势上中国整体的森林生态补偿产出区域差异经经历了增长后有回落的趋势。2.各区域的森林生态补偿产出量、人均量、密度值在2005-2014时间段内都有明显增长之后又发生回落。3.总的来说,中部地区森林生态补偿产出人均量与密度的区域差异都是差异最大的区域。4.东、中部地区内部各指标区域差异有缩小的趋势,西部地区的各指标区域差异有增大的趋势。5.森林生态建设投资、区域人口规模、地方环境管制强度、区域环境宣传力度显著影响了森林生态补偿产出。6.森林生态建设投资与地方环境管制强度是产出区域不平等的核心影响因素;其中财政规模与人口密度是人均产出区域差异的主要原因;森林生态建设投资与环境宣传力度是导致产出密度区域差异的重要因素。
[Abstract]:The worsening ecological environment has become the bottleneck of human survival and development. Under this background, human beings begin to explore the sustainable development. As an effective method to improve the ecological environment to promote the harmonious development of human and nature, ecological compensation is widely used both at home and abroad. The ecological compensation of China began in 1980s. A large number of ecological compensation projects have been carried out by the central government and the local governments at all levels, and the academic circles have also discussed this subject deeply. As the main component of the land ecosystem, the ecological value of the forest accounts for 46% of the value of the ecosystem in our country (thanks to the highland, 2015), and the ecological compensation policy is the researcher and policy system. The kind of ecological compensation which is the most concerned is also the branch of ecological compensation which has the greatest input, the best effect and the most lasting time in our country. Under the present situation that the effect of the overall ecological compensation output is difficult in macro analysis, the results of the forest ecological compensation output reflect the overall ecological compensation policy of our country to a certain extent. Since 1990s, the state has achieved good results in forest ecological compensation projects, such as returning farmland to forest, three North protection forest projects, natural forest resources protection projects in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the upper and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the protection forest system engineering of the Pearl River Valley, and achieved good results. From the regional scale of research, the effect of ecological compensation output is studied at present. The analysis methods of factors affecting the effect of ecological compensation output are divided into two types: first, the micro level is quantified and qualitative evaluated by questionnaire survey combined with some evaluation methods. This kind of analysis has obvious direct effect and strong guidance to the research area. It is the mainstream method of ecological compensation output evaluation at present, but the cost is high and little. Some researchers have such research conditions; two is the macro level facing the status quo and qualitative analysis, or a simple description of the statistics, this kind of research accounts for a lower proportion. China's ecological compensation is a typical government dominated ecological compensation, policy makers need research support at the macro level. In this paper, we try to evaluate the effect of forest ecological compensation output in China from the point of view of regional differences under the existing conditions, and analyze the causes of this regional difference in detail in.1.. Some related concepts in the research field of state compensation are defined, the relevant theoretical basis is combed and introduced, the principle of the implementation of ecological compensation policy is introduced.2., then the existing evaluation of ecological compensation and ecological compensation output effect is combed, and the existing research has been commented on the existing research article after a review of the existing research.3.. After the analysis of its scientific nature, the paper puts forward the evaluation basis of the annual new protective forest area as the effect of forest ecological compensation output, and calculates the monetary form of the 2005-2014 year forest ecological compensation output value according to the ecological value equivalent table of the Xie highland. Based on the complementation of the Gini coefficient and the Tel index, the forest ecosystems are used for forest birth. The regional differences in state compensation output, per capita forest ecological compensation output and forest ecological compensation output density are analyzed in detail. The possible influence factors on the effect of ecological compensation output are listed in the final combination of.4. and existing research, and the forest ecological compensation output and the per capita forest ecological compensation are used in the national panel data from 2011 to 2014. The influence factors of the compensatory output and the forest ecological compensation output density are tested, and the contribution of the regression equation to the regional differences is decomposed according to the annual regression equation. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. there are significant regional differences in forest ecological compensation output in China, and the forest ecological compensation production in China as a whole in the time trend. The difference between the output of the region and the forest ecological compensation output, the per capita and density value in the 2005-2014 period of 2005-2014 period and the total decrease of.3., the regional difference between the per capita and density of forest ecological compensation output in the central region is the most different region.4. East. There is a shrinking trend in the regional differences within the central region, and the regional differences in the western regions have an increasing trend in the.5. forest ecological construction investment, the regional population size, the local environmental control intensity and the regional environmental publicity intensity significantly affect the forest ecological compensation output.6. forest ecological construction investment and local environmental control. Degree is the core factor of inequality in output region, and the main reason for the regional difference of output per capita is the financial scale and population density, and the forest ecological construction investment and environmental publicity are the important factors that lead to the regional difference of output density.

【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.2;S718.5

【参考文献】