城市化进程中武威市农民非农就业与实现机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 14:22

本文选题：城市化 + 非农就业　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国社会经济产生了天翻地覆的变化。在我国农民收入水平不断提高的同时,其经济收入结构和不同来源的收入比重也发生了深刻的改变。尤其是在农业科技推动作用下,农业自动化程度和生产效率越来越高,很大一部分劳动力被节约下来成为了农村剩余劳动力。加之我国已进入工业化中期阶段,一度滞后的城市化也得到了长足的发展,一大批农村剩余劳动力涌入城市,亿万农民工成为产业工人中的重要组成部分。但从目前我国非农就业现状来看,农村居民离开土地就业受各方面因素的制约和影响,如农村剩余劳动力的个人因素、家庭因素、社会因素等都会产生十分重要的影响。本文以农村劳动力非农就业理论研究的汇总分析为基础,对武威市农村劳动力非农就业效应进行深入剖析,用数学模型探索影响武威市农村剩余劳动力非农就业的主要因素,并结合武威市农村劳动力非农就业实证研究为我国农村劳动力非农就业的实现机制提出切实可行的对策与建议。主要得出以下几点结论：1.以2013年武威市社会经济发展和农村剩余劳动力基本情况的数据统计信息为基础,分析当地农民非农就业现状、主要特征及存在的主要困难。结果表明,当地农村剩余劳动力充足,年龄结构以初高中教育水平下的青壮年为主要构成,且劳动力成本低廉。调查发现,尽管当地农民不在自己的土地上获得收入,但就业也大多与第一产业相关,向二、三产业转移的比重仍显不足。2.制约和限制当地农民非农就业的因素很多,例如现行户籍制度以及城乡发展不协调等都对武威市农村居民的非农就业产生了深刻的影响。要彻底转变这种现状,需要进行彻底的制度改革,例如在土地流转、组织管理等方面打破目前的体制约束,以良好的社会环境推动农村居民非农就业。3.组织化程度低是另一个严重影响武威农村居民非农就业的因素,主要表现为相关服务体系不健全、不完善,农村居民信息不畅通,合法权益无法得到应有的保障。必须建立健全非农就业服务体系,促进当地农民实现非农就业。4.尽管近十年来武威市工业化得到了长足的发展,但相对滞后的二、三产业已然是当地社会经济发展的短板,也对武威农民非农就业产生了巨大的影响。在大力推进武威城市化进程的同时,应合理优化产业结构,为农民非农就业创造更多的机会。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's social economy has produced earth-shaking changes. At the same time, the structure of economic income and the proportion of income from different sources have also undergone profound changes. Especially in the role of agricultural science and technology, the degree of agricultural automation and production efficiency is becoming more and more high, a large part of the labor force has been saved to become the rural surplus labor force. In addition, China has entered the middle stage of industrialization, once lagging urbanization has also been a considerable development, a large number of rural surplus labor influx into the city, hundreds of millions of migrant workers become an important part of the industrial workers. However, from the current situation of non-agricultural employment in our country, rural residents leaving land employment are restricted and influenced by various factors, such as individual factors of rural surplus labor, family factors, social factors and so on. Based on the summary and analysis of the theory of non-agricultural employment of rural labor force, this paper deeply analyzes the non-agricultural employment effect of rural labor force in Wuwei City, and explores the main factors that affect the non-agricultural employment of rural surplus labor force in Wuwei City by using mathematical model. Combined with the empirical study of rural labor non-agricultural employment in Wuwei City, practical countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the realization mechanism of non-agricultural employment of rural labor force in our country. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Based on the statistical information of the social and economic development of Wuwei city and the basic situation of rural surplus labor in 2013, this paper analyzes the present situation, main characteristics and difficulties of non-agricultural employment of local farmers. The results show that the surplus labor force in the local countryside is sufficient, and the age structure is mainly composed of the young and mature age under the level of junior high school education, and the labor cost is low. The survey found that although local farmers do not earn income on their own land, employment is mostly related to the primary industry, and the proportion transferred to the second and third industries is still insufficient. There are many factors restricting and restricting the non-agricultural employment of local farmers, such as the current household registration system and the uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas, all of which have a profound impact on the non-agricultural employment of rural residents in Wuwei. In order to change this situation thoroughly, it is necessary to carry on the thorough system reform, for example, in the land circulation, the organization management and so on, breaks the present system restraint, promotes the rural resident non-agricultural employment by the good social environment. The low degree of organization is another factor that seriously affects the non-agricultural employment of Wuwei rural residents, which mainly shows that the related service system is not perfect, the rural residents' information is not smooth, and the legitimate rights and interests can not be guaranteed properly. We must establish and improve the service system of non-agricultural employment, and promote the local farmers to realize non-agricultural employment. Although the industrialization of Wuwei city has made great progress in the past ten years, the second and third industries, which are relatively lagging behind, have become a short board for the local social and economic development, and have had a great impact on the non-agricultural employment of Wuwei farmers. At the same time, we should optimize the industrial structure reasonably and create more opportunities for farmers' non-agricultural employment.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.27

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