当下中国农村土地流转中介组织研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 20:46

本文选题：土地流转 + 中介组织　；参考：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中共十七届三中全会《关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)确立积极鼓励土地承包经营权流转的政策。《决定》对土地承包经营权、土地流转、耕地面积等问题进行规范,并首次提出选定试验区域,开展土地流转试点工作,积累土地流转经验。《决定》在全国贯彻实施后,农村土地流转市场呈现出一派蓬勃发展的景象。随着《决定》精神的贯彻落实,农村土地流转利好政策深入人心,土地流转规模逐渐扩大,发展速度日益加快,流转对象和利益关系也从单一向多元化发展。在土地流转实施过程中,多种形式的土地流转中介组织开始孕育与发展,成为土地流转市场中不可或缺的构成要素。从现有的国内外研究成果来看,多数研究土地流转中介组织的课题,局限于特定的区域,案例具有特殊性和片面性,从推广的角度分析,缺乏典型性和代表性；部分学者对于农村土地流转中介组织当前的存在形式过于乐观,并未充分考虑到中国政治体制和经济体制的特点,在实际工作中不接地气,难以操作；对农村土地流转中介组织的性质、运营模式、运作机制等方面还缺乏系统、深入、细致的研究,结合国内外土地流转中介组织的先进经验和模式进行研究的文章也不多。目前,对土地流转中介组织的研究,仍处在表浅的层面,实质性的突破不多,可推广可操作性不强。研究的滞后,严重影响农村土地流转中介组织的培育和发展。本文针对当前中国土地流转复杂的现状,围绕土地流转中的利益问题展开研究,对中国现存的三种土地流转中介组织模式进行比较分析,研究若干发达国家土地流转中介组织的成功之道,借鉴其成熟经验,通过对众多资料进行梳理和总结,大胆地提出一个设想：建立公益性农村土地流转中介组织。政府从宏观层面出发组织流转,其最终目标是实现国家战略,维护国家利益；农民从个人利益出发进行交易,其根本目的是维护自身权益,过上有保障的生活。土地作为稀缺的国有资源,不能完全由市场决定其用途,必须要服从国家的宏观调控和农业布局的总体规划。公益性土地流转中介组织的出现可以缓解政府与农民之间的矛盾,搭建沟通的桥梁和平台,最终促成利益的趋同。公益性土地流转中介组织的建立可以解决诸多问题。第一,作为公正的第三方组织,在政府和农民之间构建平等的对话平台,使土地流转双方之间的利益诉求得以伸张,用市场的杠杆寻求平衡,促进社会公平；第二,公益性农村土地流转中介组织的介入,有利于协调各利益方之间的关系。在充分保障农民利益的同时,确保国家在土地流转中的宏观战略得以实施,最大化地实现各自的利益；第三,公益性农村土地流转中介组织承担起其使命,能有利于政府充分发挥其自身的职能。政府一旦从繁冗琐碎的协调事务中解放出来,将有更多的时间和精力用于农村发展大政方针的制定,集中生产,形成规模效应,促进农业的现代化发展；第四,公益性土地流转中介组织的建立有利于规范土地交易市场秩序,监督管理土地市场,保证土地流转市场沿着健康、有序的方向发展,同时促进中国城镇化发展,达到城乡共同繁荣。本文主要运用三种方法,对中国农村土地流转中介组织进行研究和分析。是比较分析法,分析阐述政府主导的中介组织、市场主导的中介组织和农民自发成立的土地交易组织的优劣；通过比较中外土地流转中介组织的异同,阐述中国农村中介组织如何扬长避短、洋为中用。二是文献资料法,通过研究,广泛收集相关学术文献、政府公告、法律法规等,获取各种研究素材,对论题进行分析阐述。三是案例研究法,通过对相关案例的研究分析,增强本研究的实证性,夯实其实践性与应用性。本文的创新之处在于创造性地提出建立“公益性农村土地流转中介组织”的构想。这样的组织形式在当下中国农村土地流转的社会实践中,已经具备萌芽发展的条件,只要政府给予正确的引导和足够的支持,就一定能够很快发展起来。本文也存在许多不足,由于本人理论功底有限,对农村土地流转中介组织问题的认识还不够全面和深刻,资料多数通过网络数据库进行收集,实证研究方面功课做得不足。中国农村土地改革是一个大课题,本文的工作只是在土地流转中介组织问题研究方面迈出的一小步,需要进一步深入研究的问题还很多,例如如何对公益性农村土地流转中介组织定位,公益性农村土地流转中介组织自身如何发展,政府如何监管等等。
[Abstract]:In the third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, the policy of actively encouraging the transfer of land contracted management rights was established by the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as < Decision >). < Decision > to standardize the land contract management rights, land circulation, and the area of cultivated land, and first put forward the selected test areas to carry out the land transfer test. With the implementation of the whole country, the rural land circulation market presents a flourishing scene. With the implementation of the spirit, the policy of the rural land transfer is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the scale of the land circulation is gradually expanding, the speed of development is accelerating, and the relations of circulation objects and interests are also from In the process of land transfer, various forms of land transfer intermediary organizations have begun to develop and develop, and become an indispensable element in the land circulation market. From the existing research results at home and abroad, most of the research projects of land transfer intermediary organizations are limited to specific areas, and the cases have special cases. Special and one-sided, from the perspective of promotion, the lack of typicality and representativeness; some scholars are too optimistic about the current form of rural land transfer intermediary organization, not fully considering the characteristics of China's political system and economic system, it is ungrounded and difficult to operate in the actual work; the intermediary organization of rural land transfer. The nature, operation mode, operation mechanism and other aspects are still lack of systematic, in-depth, meticulous research, combined with the advanced experience and model of land transfer intermediary organizations at home and abroad and research articles are not much. At present, the research on the intermediary organization of land transfer is still in the superficial level, the substantial breakthrough is not much, and the extension of the operability is not strong. The lag of the research seriously affects the cultivation and development of the intermediary organizations of rural land circulation. This paper, aiming at the current situation of the land circulation in China, focuses on the interests of the land circulation, compares and analyses the three existing intermediary organizations of land circulation in China, and studies the intermediary organizations of the land circulation in some developed countries. In the way of success, by drawing on its mature experience, by combing and summarizing a large number of data, the author boldly puts forward a tentative idea: the establishment of a public welfare rural land transfer intermediary organization. The government will organize the circulation from the macro level, and its ultimate goal is to realize the national strategy and safeguard the interests of the country; the peasants carry on the transaction from the personal interests. The fundamental purpose is to maintain its own rights and interests and live a guaranteed life. As a scarce state resource, land can not be completely determined by the market for its use. It must obey the national macro-control and the overall planning of the agricultural layout. The emergence of intermediary organizations for public welfare land transfer can slow down the contradiction between the government and the peasants and build communication. Bridges and platforms eventually lead to the convergence of interests. The establishment of intermediary organizations for public welfare land transfer can solve many problems. First, as a fair third party organization, an equal dialogue platform is built between the government and the peasants, the interests of the two sides of the land transfer are extended, the balance is sought with the leverage of the market, and the society promotes the society. Second, the intervention of the intermediary organization of the public welfare rural land circulation helps to coordinate the relations among all the interests. At the same time, to ensure the interests of the farmers, ensure the implementation of the macro strategy of the state in the land circulation, and maximize their respective interests; third, the intermediary organizations of the public welfare rural land transfer undertake its own. The mission is conducive to the government to give full play to its own functions. Once the government is liberated from the trivial and trivial coordination affairs, the government will have more time and energy for the formulation of the policy of rural development, the concentration of production, the formation of scale effect, and the modernization of agriculture; fourth, the establishment of intermediary organizations for the circulation of public welfare land. It is beneficial to standardize the order of the land trading market, supervise and manage the land market, ensure the development of the land circulation market along a healthy and orderly direction, and promote the development of China's urbanization and achieve the common prosperity of urban and rural areas. This paper mainly uses three methods to study and analyze the intermediary organizations of rural land circulation in China. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of government dominated intermediary organizations, market dominated intermediary organizations and farmers' spontaneous land trading organizations. By comparing the similarities and differences between Chinese and foreign land transfer intermediary organizations, this paper expounds how China's rural intermediary organizations can promote their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and the two is the literature material law. Through the research, the relevant academic literature is widely collected. Government announcements, laws and regulations and so on, obtain various research materials, analyze the topic. Three is case study method, through the research and analysis of related cases, strengthen the empirical study, tamp the practicality and applicability. The innovation of this article lies in the creation of the creation of "public welfare rural land transfer intermediary organization" In the social practice of rural land circulation in China, this kind of organizational form has the conditions of germination and development. As long as the government gives correct guidance and sufficient support, it will be able to develop quickly. There are also many shortcomings in this paper. Because of my limited theoretical foundation, the intermediary organization problem of rural land circulation is limited. The knowledge is not comprehensive and profound. Most of the data are collected through the network database and the empirical research is not enough. The rural land reform in China is a major issue. The work of this paper is only a small step in the research of the intermediary organization of land circulation, and many problems need further study, for example, for example. How to locate the intermediary organizations of public welfare rural land circulation, how to develop the intermediary organizations of public welfare rural land circulation, how to supervise the government and so on.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

【相似文献】