欧盟SPS措施对中国肉类产品出口的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:20

本文选题：SPS + 措施　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济的不断发展,肉类产品的国际贸易蓬勃发展,各国肉类产品的生产及消费日益增加。但是,中国自1995年来成为全球肉类生产大国后,其肉类产品参与国际贸易的比例一直很低。制定SPS措施的主要目的是保护人类或动物的生命或健康。然而,在各国关税逐渐降低的情况下,我国肉类产品受到发达国家SPS措施的限制,被限制甚至禁止出口。即使被允许出口,从SPS措施的数量、微生物及抗生素的限制、药物残留上限的变化来看,取得肉类产品出口准许的标准越来越严格。可见,SPS措施已经成为阻碍肉类产品出口的重要因素。欧盟食品安全体系是世界上最为完善的体系之一,有研究表明,发展中国家近50%的肉类产品受到欧盟相关技术性措施的限制和阻碍。因此研究SPS措旌,对于我国肉类产业及国际贸易的发展具有重要意义。本文首先对我国肉类产品1995-2013年的生产及国际贸易情况作出了分析,并且分析了我国肉类产品的国际竞争力,以猪肉为例分析了我国肉类产品的质量控制体系现状,并以行业领头企业为例分析了出口贸易的经验与教训。然后对于欧盟实施的SPS措施进行了归纳与分析。本文认为我国肉类产品生产能力与参与国际贸易的比例极不相符,由于国外SPS措施的限制及本国肉类产品的质量安全问题,我国肉类产品的国际竞争力水平偏低。然后以]995-2013年英国、法国、德国、荷兰、丹麦肉类产品出口的截面数据运用面板数据进行分析,利用引力模型测算了欧盟SPS措施对其五个代表性国家进口中国肉类产品的影响,证实了欧盟SPS措施对我国肉类产品出口带来的消极影响的事实。最后得出结论,欧盟、日本以保护本国人体健康安全为由,对我国肉类产品实施了繁多的法律规范及安全标准和复杂的检验检疫制度,削弱了我国肉类产品的国际竞争优势,极大的提高了我国肉类产品的出口难度。肉类产品是畜产品的重要组成部分,而畜产品是农产品的重要构成。对于欧盟及其他发达国家采取的这些严于一般水平的措施,我们必须着力提高产品的国际竞争力和质量安全水平,并且有针对地应对不同SPS措施,才能使我国尽早摆脱肉类产品因质量问题而出口受阻的形势。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy, the international trade of meat products is booming, and the production and consumption of meat products are increasing day by day. However, China's participation in international trade has been low since 1995, when it became a global meat producer. The main purpose of SPS measures is to protect human or animal life or health. However, under the condition that the tariffs of various countries are decreasing gradually, our meat products are restricted by the SPS measures of developed countries and even banned from export. Even if allowed to export, the criteria for obtaining export permits for meat products are becoming more stringent in terms of the number of SPS measures, limits on microbes and antibiotics, and changes in the cap on drug residues. Therefore, SPS measures have become an important factor hindering the export of meat products. European Union food safety system is one of the most perfect systems in the world. Some studies show that nearly 50% of meat products in developing countries are restricted and hindered by relevant technical measures of the European Union. Therefore, the study of SPS is of great significance to the development of China's meat industry and international trade. This paper firstly analyzes the production and international trade of meat products in China from 1995 to 2013, and analyzes the international competitiveness of meat products in China. Taking pork as an example, the quality control system of meat products in China is analyzed. And take the industry leader enterprise as an example to analyze the export trade experience and the lesson. Then the SPS measures implemented by the European Union are summarized and analyzed. This paper holds that the production capacity of meat products in China is very inconsistent with the proportion of participating in international trade. Because of the restriction of foreign SPS measures and the quality and safety problems of domestic meat products, the level of international competitiveness of meat products in China is on the low side. Then, the cross section data of UK, France, Germany, Netherlands and Denmark from 1995 to 2013 were used to analyze the cross section data of meat products export from Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark, and the impact of EU SPS measures on the import of Chinese meat products from five representative countries of the European Union was measured by using the gravity model. It confirms the fact that EU SPS measures have a negative effect on the export of meat products in China. Finally, it is concluded that the European Union and Japan, in order to protect their own human health and safety, have implemented various legal norms, safety standards and complex inspection and quarantine systems for our meat products, which has weakened the international competitive advantage of our meat products. It greatly improves the export difficulty of meat products in China. Meat is an important part of animal products, and animal products is an important component of agricultural products. For the European Union and other developed countries, we must focus on improving the international competitiveness and quality safety level of products, as well as dealing with different SPS measures. Only then can our country get rid of the situation that the export of meat products is blocked because of the quality problem as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.7;F752.62

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