区域土地利用变化（稻田转菜地）及其对温室气体排放的影响

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:11

本文选题：土地利用变化 + 稻田转菜地　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地利用方式转变是人类活动与自然条件变化的综合结果,其中人类活动的影响更为重要。本文首先通过ArcGIS提取土地利用现状图研究江西省1989年到2000年稻田和旱地的变化情况,结合室内培养实验,了解稻田转旱地后土壤理化性质的变化。再通过统计资料分析江西省1989年到2013年稻田和菜地的变化情况,结合实地踏查和调研,明确稻田转菜地情况,再结合田间实验数据,定量分析区域稻田转成菜地对温室气体排放的影响。主要研究结果如下：1989年至2013年间,江西省土地利用方式变化很大。通过GIS提取1989-2000年的土地类型面积,发现旱地主要分布在江西省北部,主要包括九江市、宜春市、萍乡市、南昌市、上饶市、鹰潭市和吉安市,而江西省中部和南部旱地分布较少。水田广泛分布在江西省中部以南的赣州市和抚州市。统计年鉴数据显示,1989年-2003年,稻田减少229.62万hm~2,菜地增加17.67万hm~2；2003年-2013年,稻田增加65.27万hm~2,菜地增加1.54万hm~2。各市区年平均菜地种植面积大小依次为：赣州市吉安市宜春市抚州市上饶市九江市南昌市景德镇市萍乡市新余市鹰潭市。只有吉安市菜地面积逐年增加。土地利用转化一年后,稻田和菜地CH4的排放量分别为269.04kg C hm~(-2)和-0.58 kgC hm~(-2)。说明稻田转菜地后CH_4的排放量大幅降低,且土壤由甲烷的源变化了汇。N_2O变化趋势与CH_4相反,菜地的N_2O排放量是13.2 kg N hm~(-2),远远高于稻田N_2O的2.24 kgN hm~(-2)。稻田土壤一年累计排出CH_4和N_2O的的增温潜势是8106.56kg C hm~(-2),而菜地土壤是3380.96 kg C hm~(-2)。1989年-2013年,菜地共增加了19.21万hm~2。因此,估算出1989年-2013年江西省稻田转菜地的土壤CH_4和N_2O的增温潜势是64.95万吨C,减少了139.77%。稻田转菜地后,温室效应呈降低趋势。
[Abstract]:The change of land use mode is the comprehensive result of the change of human activities and natural conditions, among which the influence of human activities is more important. In this paper, the changes of paddy fields and drylands in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2000 were studied by ArcGIS, and the changes of soil physical and chemical properties after the transformation of paddy fields to drylands were studied. Through the statistical analysis of the changes of paddy fields and vegetable fields in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2013, combined with field investigation and investigation, the situation of paddy fields to vegetable fields was clarified, and the field experiment data were combined. Quantitative analysis of the effects of turning rice fields into vegetable fields on greenhouse gas emissions. The main results are as follows: from 1989 to 2013, land use patterns in Jiangxi Province changed greatly. The area of land types from 1989 to 2000 was extracted by GIS. It was found that dry land was mainly distributed in the north of Jiangxi Province, including Jiujiang City, Yichun City, Pingxiang City, Nanchang City, Shangrao City, Yingtan City and Ji'an City. The distribution of dryland in the middle and south of Jiangxi Province is less. Paddy fields are widely distributed in Ganzhou and Fuzhou, south of central Jiangxi Province. The statistical data of the yearbook show that the rice field decreased by 2.2962 million hmc2and the vegetable field increased by 176700 hmc2from 1989 to 2003, and from 2003 to 2013, the rice field increased by 652700 hmmc2and the vegetable field increased by 15400 hmmc2respectively. The average planting area of vegetable fields in each urban area is in turn: Yingtan City, Xinyu City, Xinyu City, Pingxiang City, Pingxiang City, Jingde Zhen City, Jingde Zhen City, Nanchang City, Fuzhou City, Shangrao City, Fuzhou City, Shangrao City, Fuzhou City, Yichun City, Fuzhou City. Only the vegetable land area of Ji'an City increases year by year. After one year of land use conversion, the CH4 emissions from paddy field and vegetable field were 269.04kg C hmc-2) and -0.58 kgC hmc-2, respectively. The results showed that the emission of CH_4 decreased significantly after the transformation of paddy field to vegetable field, and the trend of soil change from methane source to sink 路N2O was opposite to that of CH_4. The N2O emission from vegetable field was 13.2 kg N hmmm-1 ~ 2 ~ (2 +), which was much higher than that of N _ 2O from paddy field to N _ 2O (2.24 kgN 路m ~ (-2) ~ (-1). The temperature increasing potential of cumulative CH_4 and N2O emission from paddy soil is 8106.56kg C hmmA-1 ~ (-2), while that of vegetable soil is 3380.96 kg / year. From 1989 to 2013, the total increase of vegetable field is 192100 h ~ (2) 路m ~ (-2) 路L ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1). Therefore, the temperature increasing potential of soil CH_4 and N2O of paddy field to vegetable field in Jiangxi Province from 1989 to 2013 is estimated to be 649500 tons C, which decreases 139.77%. The Greenhouse Effect decreased after the rice field was transferred to vegetable field.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X71;F301.2

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