兵团现代农业生产效率区域差异比较分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 15:21

本文选题：兵团 + 现代农业　；参考：《石河子大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业是国民经济的基础,在国民经济和社会发展中始终占有重要地位。2016年中央一号文件提出了“围绕建设现代农业,加快转变农业发展方式”的指导思想,明确了未来我国农业的发展主题就是发展现代农业。农业作为新疆兵团的主导产业,农业现代化水平在全国一直遥遥领先,农业生产效率相对于传统农业有了显著的提升,农业的生产效率成为影响兵团农业发展的重要决定性因素。因此,发展高效现代农业是兵团农业未来发展的必然趋势和方向。基于此,研究兵团各师团现代农业发展现状,测算兵团农业全要素生产率,比较各师团农业生产效率差异,对于兵团现代农业高效、稳定、持续、全面健康发展具有重要现实意义。本文以2000-2014年新疆兵团农业投入产出数据为基础,运用数据包络分析法(DEA),结合Malmquist生产率指数进行定量实证研究,选取农业总产值作为产出变量,以农业从业人员、农村用电量、有效灌溉面积、农药使用量、农用化肥施用量、农用塑料薄膜使用量、农业机械总动力以及农业技术人员人数作为投入变量,测算兵团近15年来的农业全要素生产率,并将其分解为规模效率指数、纯技术效率指数、技术进步指数,进一步分析其增长构成,比较兵团各师农业生产效率差异。同时,重点选取兵团第二师、第八师、第九师等三个农业生产区域进行实地调研,深入了解当地现代农业发展情况。对兵团农业全要素生产率的测算结果表明:在2000-2014年间,新疆兵团农业整体的全要素生产率稳步上升,全要素生产率排名前三位的是第二师、第一师、第八师,排名后三位的是第十师、第四师、第三师,兵团各师农业生产效率存在较大的差异;对兵团农业投入要素的有效使用率分析显示:第二师、第五师、第十二师的农业资源配置出现了严重的冗余,农药、电力、农用塑料薄膜、农业从业人员、农业机械等投入要素的有效使用率及技术人员发挥效率均出现冗余。最后提出,有针对性的对兵团各师农业投入各项指标进行适当调整,以减少投入冗余,提高资源利用效率和产出效率。结合各师实际情况,发挥各地自身产业、资源、技术及区位优势,加快发展发展各具特色的现代农业,是兵团农业高效、持续、全面稳定发展的首要任务。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and has always played an important role in the national economy and social development. In 2016, the first document of the Central Committee put forward the guiding ideology of "focusing on the construction of modern agriculture and speeding up the transformation of agricultural development mode." The development theme of future agriculture is to develop modern agriculture. Agriculture is the leading industry in Xinjiang Corps, and the level of agricultural modernization has been far ahead in the whole country. The efficiency of agricultural production has been significantly improved compared with traditional agriculture. Agricultural production efficiency has become an important and decisive factor affecting the agricultural development of Bingtuan. Therefore, the development of efficient modern agriculture is the inevitable trend and direction of the future development of agriculture. Based on this, this paper studies the present situation of the development of modern agriculture in all divisions and regiments of the Corps, calculates the total factor productivity of agriculture in the Corps, compares the differences in agricultural production efficiency among the divisions and regiments, and is of high efficiency, stability and persistence for the modern agriculture of the Corps. Overall and healthy development has important practical significance. Based on the agricultural input-output data of Xinjiang Bingtuan from 2000 to 2014, this paper uses the data envelopment analysis method and Malmquist productivity index to carry on the quantitative empirical research, selects the agricultural gross output value as the output variable, takes the agriculture employee, the rural electricity consumption, and so on. The effective irrigation area, pesticide usage, agricultural fertilizer application, agricultural plastic film usage, the total power of agricultural machinery and the number of agricultural technicians were taken as input variables to measure the total agricultural factor productivity of the past 15 years. It is decomposed into scale efficiency index, pure technical efficiency index and technological progress index. It further analyzes its growth composition and compares the differences of agricultural production efficiency among the divisions of Bingtuan. At the same time, three agricultural production areas, namely, the 2nd, 8th and 9th divisions of the Corps, are selected for field investigation to understand the development of local modern agriculture. The result of measuring the total factor productivity of agriculture shows that between 2000 and 2014, the total factor productivity of Xinjiang bingtuan agriculture as a whole has risen steadily, and the top three of the total factor productivity are the second, the first, the eighth, the second division, the first division, the eighth division, the second division, the first division and the eighth division. The agricultural production efficiency of the 10th, the fourth, the third and the Bingtuan divisions was significantly different in the last three places, and the analysis of the effective utilization rate of the agricultural input elements in the bingtuan showed that: the second, the fifth, the second division, the fifth division, the second division, The allocation of agricultural resources in the 12th division was seriously redundant, the effective utilization rate of input elements such as pesticide, electric power, agricultural plastic film, agricultural workers, agricultural machinery and so on, and the efficiency of technical personnel were all redundant. Finally, it is pointed out that appropriate adjustment should be made to the agricultural input indexes of the divisions of the Corps in order to reduce the input redundancy and improve the efficiency of resource utilization and output. Combining with the actual situation of each division, it is the most important task for Bingtuan agriculture to develop its own industry, resources, technology and location advantages, and to speed up the development of modern agriculture with its own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F327

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