临安市山核桃生态化经营模式的研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:14

本文选题：山核桃 + 经营模式　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：山核桃是临安市的名优坚果,因其较高的营养价值与较好的口味在市场上十分畅销,随着山核桃经济效益的不断提高,岛石镇作为山核桃主产区,林农不断扩大山核桃种植面积,为了追求利益最大化以及方便管理采收,滥用化肥与除草剂,铲除林内灌木杂草,导致山核桃林日渐趋于纯化林,林间生物多样性遭到严重破坏,病虫害加剧,同时生态环境也不断恶化,造成水土流失严重,蓄水能力下降,土地板结等,严重制约着岛石镇山核桃产业的健康可持续发展。是岛石镇农民最主要的经济来源之一。近年来随着山核桃经济效益不断提高,林农为了追求利益最大化与管理采摘时的方便,滥用化肥、农药与除草剂,并将林内灌木杂草全部铲除,导致山核桃林日渐趋于纯化林,林地生态环境不断恶化等问题,如:水土流失严重,林地蓄水能力下降,不耐干旱,风吹树倒;林地生物多样性遭到严重破坏,病虫害加剧等,这些问题都严重制约着岛石镇山核桃产业的可持续发展。针对传统经营模式所存在的问题,由科技人员提出了具有可持续性的山核桃生态经营模式。山核桃是临安市的著名坚果,山核桃收入已成为岛石镇农民最主要的经济收入来源。进入21世纪后,山核桃价格逐年上涨,为了获得最大的经济收益、方便林地经营和果熟后采收,林农普遍在生产经营过程中给山核桃林地大量施用化肥、滥用农药与过度喷洒除草剂,并将林内灌木杂草全部铲除,导致山核桃林日渐趋于纯化林,林地生态环境不断恶化等问题,如山核桃林地裸露面积逐年增加,水土保持能力和蓄水能力却逐年下降,导致山核桃林在干旱季节不耐旱;地表植被和林间杂树去除殆尽,生物多样性和生态平衡遭到严重破坏,山核桃林抗病虫害能力减弱,山核桃树在涝季变得更易倒伏。因此,山核桃传统经营模式已严重制约岛石镇山核桃产业的可持续发展。针对其在生产经营中引起的一些问题,为了解决这些问题,使山核桃产业朝向健康、可持续性的方向发展,林业科研人员提出了山核桃生态化经营模式。本文主要以岛石镇为例,对所在区域进行实地调研和问卷调查,通过调研得知目前岛石镇山核桃经营模式主要由生态经营和传统经营两种模式,然而传统经营模式导致山核桃林生态环境逐年恶化,且病虫害频发,山核桃质量也随着下降。虽然在短期内,生态化经营模式的经济效果显现不明显,但是随着生态经营模式的推广,笔者发现生态经营模式可以增加山核桃林的生物多样性;山核桃的质量和品质也更高。生态化经营模式更有利于临安市山核桃产业的健康、可持续性发展。但是基于农户教育程度低且为了追求利益最大化往往倾向于传统的经营模式,导致岛石镇山核桃经营模式仍以传统经营为主,不愿意选择生态化经营模式,这已经严重制约了临安山核桃产业的健康、可持续性发展。基于以上结论,提出相关政策建议。主要包括以下建议:(1)政府部门要加强山核桃生态化经营模式相关知识的宣传教育,提高林农对其的认知水平以及选择意愿;(2)林业科研人员要加强生态化经营技术的研发和推广力度,提供林农获取相关知识的途径;(3)政府资金保障要到位,给予林农一定资金补助和扶持,降低林农开展山核桃生态化经营的风险。
[Abstract]:Hickory is a famous nut in Ling'an, which is very popular in the market because of its high nutritional value and good taste. With the continuous improvement of Pecan's economic benefit, it is the main producing area of hickory, and the forest farmers continue to expand the planting area of Hickory. In order to pursue the most benefit and convenient management, the abuse of chemical fertilizer and weeding. In order to eradicate the shrub and weeds in the forest, the walnut forest is becoming more and more purified, the biodiversity of the forest is seriously damaged, the diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the ecological environment is deteriorating, which causes the serious soil erosion, the decline of water storage capacity and the land slit, which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. It is the island Shi Zhennong. One of the most important economic sources of the people. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of Pecan's economic benefits, in order to pursue the convenience of maximization of benefits and the convenience of harvesting, the farmers abused chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, and removed all the shrubs and weeds in the forest, which led to the increasingly purification of the walnut forest and the deterioration of the ecological environment of the woodland, such as: The water and soil loss is serious, the capacity of the forestland is decreased, the drought is not tolerant, the wind blows the tree, the biodiversity of the woodland is seriously damaged and the disease and insect are aggravated. These problems seriously restrict the sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. Pecan is the famous nut of Ling'an, and the income of hickory walnut has become the main source of economic income for the farmers in the island of isshi town. After entering twenty-first Century, the price of Pecan is rising year by year. In order to obtain the maximum economic profit, it is convenient for woodland management and harvest after fruit ripening, and the forest farmers generally give the walnut woodland in the process of production and management. The application of chemical fertilizer, misuse of pesticides and over spraying herbicides, and all of the shrub and weeds in the forest have been eliminated, which leads to the increasing tendency of the walnut forest to purify forest and the deterioration of the ecological environment of the woodland, such as the increase of the bare area of the walnut woodland year by year, the ability of soil and water conservation and the capacity of water storage decreased year by year, resulting in the drought season of the walnut forest in the drought season. It is not tolerant to drought; the surface vegetation and the forest miscellaneous trees have been removed, the biodiversity and ecological balance are seriously damaged, the ability of the walnut forest to resist diseases and insect pests is weakened, and the pecan tree becomes more prone to lodging in the waterlogging season. Therefore, the traditional management model of hickory has seriously restricted the sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. In order to solve these problems, in order to solve these problems and make the hickory industry towards health and sustainability, forestry researchers have put forward the ecological management model of Hickory. This paper mainly takes Island stone town as an example to make a field investigation and questionnaire survey on the region, and through the investigation, we know that the management model of the walnut is the main model of the island. There are two modes of ecological management and traditional management, however, the ecological environment of the walnut forest is deteriorating year by year, and the quality of the pecan is decreasing. Although in the short term, the economic effect of the ecological management model is not obvious, but with the promotion of the ecological management model, the author finds the ecological management. The model can increase the biodiversity of the hickory forest; the quality and quality of the pecan is higher. The ecological management model is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the hickory industry in Ling'an. However, the low education level of farmers and the pursuit of the maximum benefit tend to the traditional management model, which leads to the walnut of island stone. The model is still based on traditional management and is not willing to choose the ecological management model, which has seriously restricted the health and sustainable development of the walnut industry in Ling'an. Based on the above conclusions, the relevant policy suggestions are put forward. The following suggestions are included: (1) government departments should strengthen the propaganda and education of the related knowledge of the pecan ecological management model. Gao Linnong's cognitive level and the choice of willingness; (2) forestry researchers should strengthen the R & D and promotion of ecological management technology, provide the way for forest farmers to acquire relevant knowledge; (3) the government fund guarantee should be in place, give the farmers a certain fund subsidy and support, and reduce the risk of the ecological management of the walnut farmers.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.13

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