印度洋金枪鱼资源开发与管理现状分析

发布时间：2018-06-19 06:12

本文选题：印度洋 + 金枪鱼资源　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：印度洋是世界主要金枪鱼渔场之一,其金枪鱼和类金枪鱼资源比较丰富。印度洋金枪鱼渔业主要捕捞对象是黄鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼、长鳍金枪鱼、鲣鱼、蓝鳍金枪鱼。近年来,由于过度捕捞导致近海渔业资源严重衰竭。但是人类对海洋生物蛋白质的需却在不断上升。因此,各远洋渔业大国将近海捕捞力量转移到了公海渔场。随着对公海渔业资源及跨界洄游渔业资源捕捞强度的不断加大,印度洋金枪鱼资源面临着过度捕捞的危险,其中黄鳍金枪鱼已经处于过度捕捞状态。本文先是论述当前印度洋金枪鱼渔业相关背景,然后概述印度洋金枪鱼渔业现状,包括大眼金枪鱼、长鳍金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣鱼。从生物学特性、渔获量、主要捕捞国家及其渔获量变化、作业方式及资源开发现状等方面进行论述。在印度洋金枪鱼资源开发现状分析中,主要是依据印度洋金枪鱼委员会(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission,IOTC)年度评估报告中的金枪鱼资源评估数据为基础,对主要金枪鱼资源状况分析,论述现有印度洋金枪鱼资源状况。随后本文对印度洋金枪鱼管理现状进行分析论述,介绍了印度洋金枪鱼委员会的主要管理职能及对金枪鱼资源主要的管理和养护措施。根据前期对相关文献的研读、金枪鱼资源的分析以及对IOTC管理机制的研究,总结出了IOTC管理中面临的主要问题:渔业统计数据的质量有待提高;IUU捕捞未能有效杜绝;养护与管理措施未能有效执行;渔船总吨位控制措施存在管理漏洞。在此基础上通过研究其他区域性渔业组织对金枪鱼的管理和养护措施,对今后印度洋管理趋势做出了预测:渔业管理措施更加严格;渔业管理合作日趋加;船旗国将承担更大的责任;实行配额制和渔船总吨位的结合;建立船旗国联合执法力量;禁止渔船丢弃难降解垃圾等。最后,本文对我国印度洋金枪鱼渔业的发展概况进行了概述,印度洋金枪鱼渔业是我国发展远洋渔业的重要组成部分。我国渔船在印度洋主要捕捞大眼金枪鱼,作业方式为延绳钓,分为超低温延绳钓和冰鲜延绳钓两种。根据IOTC的相关规定,我国在印度洋捕捞热带金枪鱼的渔船总吨位上限是29275吨,相应的渔船数量上限为67艘;捕捞长鳍金枪鱼的渔船总吨位上限是3389吨,相应的渔船数量上限为10艘,把我国在印度洋的捕捞能力应控制2006年的水平。随后分析了我国发展印度洋金枪鱼存在的问题、“十三五”发展远洋渔业的优势,并针对解决制约我国远洋渔业发展的因素提出建议:提高我国渔船在印度洋的履约水平;加强我国在IOTC的话语权;提高科研力量的投入,加快人才培养速度;参与更多的金枪鱼相关产业环节;加强与印度洋沿海国的合作等。
[Abstract]:The Indian Ocean is one of the main tuna fisheries in the world. The main fishing targets of Indian Ocean tuna fishery are yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, albacore tuna, skipjack, bluefin tuna. In recent years, overfishing has caused serious depletion of offshore fishery resources. But the need for marine protein is rising. As a result, offshore fishing power has been transferred to high seas fishing grounds. With the increasing fishing intensity of the high seas fishery resources and the straddling migratory fishery resources, the Indian Ocean tuna resources are facing the risk of overfishing, among which yellowfin tuna has been overfished. This paper first discusses the relevant background of the current Indian Ocean tuna fishery, and then summarizes the current situation of the Indian Ocean tuna fishery, including bigeye tuna, albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna. In this paper, the biological characteristics, catch, main fishing countries and their catch changes, operation methods and current situation of resource exploitation are discussed. In the analysis of the current situation of tuna resources exploitation in the Indian Ocean, the analysis of the status of major tuna resources is based mainly on the assessment data of the tuna resources in the annual assessment report of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. The current situation of tuna resources in the Indian Ocean is discussed. Then this paper analyzes the current situation of tuna management in the Indian Ocean and introduces the main management functions of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and the main management and conservation measures for tuna resources. Based on the previous study of relevant documents, the analysis of tuna resources and the study of IOTC management mechanism, the main problems in IOTC management are summarized: the quality of fishery statistics should be improved and IUU fishing can not be effectively eliminated; The maintenance and management measures are not implemented effectively, and the control measures for the gross tonnage of fishing vessels have some management loopholes. On this basis, by studying the management and conservation measures of tuna in other regional fisheries organizations, the future trends in Indian Ocean management are forecasted: more stringent fisheries management measures; increasing cooperation in fisheries management; Flag States will assume greater responsibility; implement a quota system combined with the gross tonnage of fishing vessels; establish a joint flag state law enforcement force; and prohibit fishing vessels from throwing away refractory waste. Finally, the development of the tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean in China is summarized. The tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean is an important part of the development of ocean-going fisheries in China. Chinese fishing boats mainly catch bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean, which is divided into two types: ultra-low temperature longline and chilled longline. According to the relevant provisions of the IOTC, the upper limit of the total tonnage of China's fishing vessels fishing tropical tuna in the Indian Ocean is 29275 tons, and the corresponding maximum number of fishing vessels is 67. The upper limit of the total tonnage of fishing vessels fishing for albacore tuna is 3389 tons. The corresponding fishing capacity in the Indian Ocean should be controlled at the 2006 level. Then the paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of Indian Ocean Tuna in China, the advantages of developing ocean-going fishery in the 13th Five-Year Plan, and puts forward some suggestions for solving the factors restricting the development of China's ocean-going fishery: improving the performance level of Chinese fishing vessels in the Indian Ocean; Strengthen the right of our country to speak in IOTC; improve the investment of scientific research force, accelerate the speed of personnel training; participate in more tuna related industries; strengthen the cooperation with the Indian Ocean coastal States, etc.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S937.3;F316.4

【参考文献】