黑龙江省农业转移人口就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 02:36

本文选题：农业转移人口 + 就业　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八大报告提出要实现更高质量的就业,要引导劳动者转变就业观念,鼓励多渠道多形式就业,促进创业带动就业,做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作和农村转移劳动力等就业工作。十八届三中全会指出要进一步深化教育领域综合改革,健全促进就业创业体制机制,形成合理有序的收入分配格局。而随着劳动力市场竞争的日趋激烈,作为城市快速发展中的重要人力资源的农业转移人口,其就业问题也引起了社会各界的广泛关注。黑龙江省是我国的农业大省,拥有大量的农村劳动力,近几年随着机械化耕种模式的逐渐普及和生产效率的逐渐提高,大量的富余劳动力不断产生。同时由于黑龙江省位处中国东北部,冬季时间漫长,耕种时间较短,富余劳动时间较长。“两个富余”现象说明黑龙江省农村劳动力就业还不充分,就业问题若不能有效解决既不利于农民增加收入,又会造成社会劳动力资源的浪费,对黑龙江省城乡统筹发展都会产生严重的影响。马克思就业思想成为中国特色社会主义就业理论的基础和发端,对于黑龙江省农业转移人口就业政策的制定具有积极的指导意义。本研究有利于加强政府相关部门对农村劳动力转移就业的重视程度,有利于为相关惠农政策的制定提供理论参考,能够更好地促进农村劳动力转移就业理论体系构建,以便更好地解决黑龙江省农民在转移就业过程中的各种问题。选取黑龙江省农业转移人口较多的四个地级市哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、绥化,佳木斯进行实地调研,通过走访和问卷分析等形式,借助Excel和SPSS软件对我省农业转移人口在就业过程中存在的问题进行了全面梳理和分析总结。得出:目前黑龙江省农业劳动力比重不断下降,转移劳动力的比重不断上升。在年龄结构上主要以年轻人为主,就业半径主要以黑龙江省内为主。虽然近几年黑龙江省农业转移人口的就业稳定性有所增强,但是农业转移就业人员的社会保障体系有待进一步完善,政府和相关中介组织在农村劳动力转移就业的帮扶力度上还存在较大不足,转移就业的组织化程度有待继续提升。针对这些问题,本文提出要通过多种渠道帮助农民提升就业能力,结合市场需要搭建广阔的就业平台,不断更新完善就业服务体系。面对城乡户籍制度对农业转移人口就业的影响,要通过继续深化户籍制度改革,推进社会保障制度进一步完善,构建平等的就业制度。各级政府要继续做好土地流转工作,不断创新工作方式方法以便更好地为有转移就业需求的百姓服务。要做好农业转移人口的就业安置工作,帮助农民提升自身素质。要通过加强农村劳动力教育和做好求职人员技术培训工作来提高其就业能力,以便更好地实现就业。
[Abstract]:The report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC proposed to achieve higher quality employment, to guide workers to change their concept of employment, to encourage multi-channel and multi-form employment, and to promote entrepreneurship and promote employment. To do a good job with college graduates as the focus of youth employment and rural labor transfer and other employment work. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that it is necessary to further deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, improve the mechanism of promoting employment and entrepreneurship, and form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution. With the increasingly fierce competition in the labor market, agricultural migration population, which is an important human resource in the rapid development of the city, has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Heilongjiang Province is a big agricultural province in China, which has a large number of rural labor force. In recent years, with the popularization of mechanized farming mode and the gradual improvement of production efficiency, a large number of surplus labor force has been produced. At the same time, Heilongjiang Province is located in northeast China, the winter time is long, the farming time is short, and the spare labor time is longer. The phenomenon of "two surplus" shows that the employment of rural labor force in Heilongjiang Province is not enough. If the problem of employment can not be solved effectively, it will not only be unfavorable for farmers to increase their income, but also lead to the waste of social labor resources. The overall development of urban and rural areas in Heilongjiang Province will have a serious impact. Marx's employment thought has become the foundation and origin of socialist employment theory with Chinese characteristics, which has positive guiding significance for the formulation of employment policy of agricultural transfer population in Heilongjiang Province. This study is helpful to strengthen the government departments' attention to rural labor migration and employment, to provide theoretical reference for the formulation of relevant agricultural policies, and to better promote the construction of rural labor transfer and employment theory system. In order to better solve the farmers in Heilongjiang Province in the transfer of employment in the process of various problems. Select four prefecture-level cities with large agricultural transfer population in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Qiqihar, Suihua, Jiamusi, to carry out field research, through visits and questionnaire analysis, With the help of Excel and SPSS software, the problems existing in the employment process of the agricultural transfer population in our province are comprehensively combed out and analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that the proportion of agricultural labor force in Heilongjiang Province is decreasing and the proportion of transferring labor force is increasing. In the age structure mainly for young people, the main radius of employment in Heilongjiang Province. Although the employment stability of the agricultural transfer population in Heilongjiang Province has increased in recent years, the social security system for the agricultural transfer and employment personnel needs to be further improved. The government and relevant intermediary organizations still have some shortcomings in helping rural labor force transfer employment, and the degree of organization of transfer employment needs to be further improved. In view of these problems, this paper proposes to help farmers improve their employability through various channels, build a broad employment platform in combination with the needs of the market, and constantly update and improve the employment service system. In the face of the impact of urban and rural household registration system on the employment of the agricultural transfer population, we should continue to deepen the reform of the household registration system, promote the further improvement of the social security system, and construct an equal employment system. Governments at all levels should continue to do a good job of land transfer and constantly innovate working methods in order to better serve the people with the need to transfer employment. To do a good job placement of agricultural transfer population, to help farmers improve their own quality. We should strengthen the rural labor force education and do a good job search personnel technical training to improve their employability, in order to better achieve employment.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.2

【参考文献】