武陵山区退耕农户土地可持续利用研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 02:38

  本文选题：武陵山区 + 退耕还林政策　； 参考：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2002年全面开展的退耕还林工程,是建国以来最重大的生态建设工程,其涉及范围最广、为最大投资规模、群众参与度最高,同时任务量也最重。再新一轮的退耕还林工程开始实施时,对之前退耕还林工程经验总结与学习,特别是,退耕后改变了农户土地利用方式,一方面在实施退耕还林工程恢复生态脆弱区的生态环境的同时,另一方面,要注重农户改变土地利用方式对土地可持续利用的影响。这也为新一轮退耕还林政策有效开展提出参考建议,随着土地利用变化的研究越来越受到各方重视,人类与土地长期相互作用的机理受关注。因而,随着退耕后,农户传统土地利用方式发生了怎样的变化?土地是农户赖以生存的资本,保证土地可持续利用是保障农户基本生活的根本,尝试性对之后退耕还林工程的实施提出政策建议。这些问题的解释需要对退耕还林后地区的农户土地利用变化进行分析对比。退耕还林工程实施以来,许多专家和学者对农户土地利用进行了研究,也取得了一些成果。然而研究多以宏观的角度分析退耕还林政策对农村土地利用变化,以农户的角度从微观层面分析农户对土地利用的变化较少,特别是农户土地利用变化后对土地可持续利用的影响研究较少。为此,本文在总结已有退耕还林政策对农户土地利用研究成果的基础上,以武陵山区退耕户为研究对象,以问卷调查数据为依据实证分析,对比分析了退耕户与非退耕户土地利用的变化,主要从四个方面进行分析,构建模型对退耕后农户土地利用变化的回归分析,在实证分析的基础上,结合调查结果,提出政策建议,为持续健康的实施退耕还林和完善相关政策及可持续性的利用土地提供科学依据。主要研究结论如下:1退耕后,退耕户经济收入状况差退耕后,农户人均耕地面积减少,同时,人均现金收入的减少幅度也小于非退耕户人均现金收入。农户家庭耕地与林地面积比值越来越小,由于退耕后经济林的生长周期远较粮食作物周期长,退耕后,即使农户获得了一定的政府补助,但农户的经济收入可能因为失地后,仍出现家庭经济收入减少的情况。因而,表明退耕户人均现金收入少于非退耕户。2退耕后,外出务工的农户增多退耕后一方面耕地减少,另一方面却也解放了劳动力,致使其能够有机会选择社会经济发展所提供的就业机会,选择外出务工的人员增多,且以青壮年居多,留下以妇女和老人在家务农居多。总体上,退耕户与非退耕户在外出农户数量上差别不大,同时,近年来农户家庭人均现金收入都呈增长趋势。3退耕后,土地利用集约度提高退耕后,农户土地经营结构发生变化,人均耕地面积减少,一般情况下,以农为生的农户家庭没有特大变故,家庭劳动力数变化小。因而,会增加对耕地的劳动力投入,另一方面,特别是贫困户和有学生的农户家庭其家庭经济负担重,退耕后,耕地减少会更大程度上增加对土地的投入及提高土地复种指数,以来减轻家庭负担。4退耕后,撂荒的情况发生较普遍在耕地面积减少与劳动力外出务工的情况下,外出务工反而比在家务农更能带来高且稳定的经济收入,选择务农的农户减少。因而,在将土地租赁不成的情况时,土地就被撂荒。退耕户与非退耕户中撂荒的情况差异不大。而撂荒对象中主要是旱地,水田基本无人撂荒。
[Abstract]:The overall project of returning farmland to forest in 2002 is the most important ecological construction project since the founding of the people's Republic of China. It has the most extensive scope, the largest scale of investment, the highest participation of the masses, and the heaviest task. In the new round of returning farmland to forest project, the experience of the previous reforestation project is summarized and studied, especially after the conversion of farmland. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the effect of changing the land use mode to the sustainable utilization of land. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the effect of the change of land use mode on the sustainable utilization of land. This also provides some suggestions for the effective development of a new round of land reforestation policy, with the change of land use. More and more attention has been paid to the mechanism of the long-term interaction between human and land. As a result, what has happened to farmers' traditional land use after returning farmland? Land is the capital on which farmers depend on the land, ensuring the sustainable use of land is the basic of ensuring the basic life of farmers, and after trying to return the farmland to forest project Policy suggestions are put forward. The explanation of these problems needs to be analyzed and compared to the land use change of farmers in the area after returning farmland to forest. Since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest, many experts and scholars have studied the land use of farmers and have made some achievements. Rural land use changes, from the perspective of farmers, from the micro level analysis of land use change less, especially after the change of farmers' land use change to the land sustainable use of less research. The research object, based on the questionnaire survey data, contrasts and analyzes the change of land use between the farmers and non returning households, analyzes mainly from four aspects, and constructs the regression analysis of the land use change of farmers after returning farmland. On the basis of the empirical analysis, combining the results of the investigation, it puts forward the policy suggestions, which is sustainable and healthy. The main research conclusions are as follows: 1 after returning farmland, the per capita cultivated land area of peasant households is less than that after returning farmland, and the decrease of per capita per capita cash income is less than that of non returning households. The ratio of land area is getting smaller and smaller, because the growth cycle of economic forest after returning farmland is much longer than that of grain crop. After returning farmland, even if farmers get some government subsidies, the economic income of farmers may still be reduced because of the loss of land. Therefore, the per capita cash income of the households is less than that of non returning farmers.2. After returning farmland, the farmers who have gone out to work have increased their cultivated land on the one hand and liberated the labor force on the other hand, resulting in the opportunity to choose the employment opportunities provided by the social and economic development, the increase in the number of migrant workers, and the majority of the young people in the young and strong years. There is little difference in the number of non returning farmers in the number of rural households. At the same time, in recent years, the per capita cash income of households in the household has been growing in.3, after the intensive degree of land use is improved, the land management structure of farmers has changed, and the per capita cultivated land area is reduced. As a result, the labor input to the cultivated land will be increased, on the other hand, the economic burden of the families, especially the poor households and the families with the students, will be heavier. After returning farmland, the land reduction will be increased and the land replanting index will be increased to a greater extent. Since the family burden of.4 is reduced, the situation of abandonment is more common. When the area of cultivated land is reduced and labor is out to work, migrant workers can bring more high and stable economic income than housework, and the farmers choose farmers to reduce their income. Therefore, the land is abandoned when the land lease is not completed. Mainly dry land, no land is abandoned in the paddy field.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F327

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