农村劳动力转移对农业生产影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 14:11

本文选题：农村劳动力 + 劳动力转移　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着我国工业化和城镇化进程的不断推进,农村劳动力不断向城镇转移。研究农村劳动力转移对农业生产的影响事关我国农业、农民和农村重大问题,同时也是我国城镇化进程当中的重要问题。本文首先通过历史研究方法考察了1949-2013年我国农村劳动转移的历史变迁,结合各个阶段的历史背景和政策环境深入分析了我国农村劳动动力转移发生的原因和特征。我国的农村劳动力转移是在国家政策导向下农民自主理性选择,且具有明显的阶段性。分别为农村劳动力转移的控制阶段、起始阶段、发展阶段、调整阶段、加速发展阶段和有序发展新阶段。其中,20世纪80年代的农村劳动力转移主要特征为“离土不离乡”,农民的兼业化特征非常明显；20世纪90年代,农村劳动力外出转移的比例加大,但是家庭成员多数仍然留守农村,这一阶段的显著特征是家庭成员的非农生产和农业生产的跨地区分工。进入本世纪以来,农村劳动力转移持续深化,相当部分农村劳动力的特征为“离土又离乡”,农民群体内部出现了明显分化。从理论上来看,当农村劳动力处于绝对过剩阶段时,农村劳动力转移对农业产出没有影响；随着农村劳动力的持续转移,农村劳动力由绝对过剩过度到相对过剩,农村劳动力的边际产出不断提高,农村劳动力转移会产生劳动力资源配置效应对农业产出造成不利影响。但是,农村劳动力转移通过资本替代效应和土地流转效应增加农业生产能力；国家出台的一系列“三农”优惠政策也增加了对农业的投入,提高了农业产出能力。所以,农村劳动力转移对农业产出的最终影响取决于以上各个方面的综合作用。通过对1978-2013年我国农业产出水平影响因素的实证检验可以得出如下结论：总体来看,我国的农村劳动力转移促进了农业生产；在农村劳动力转移的初级阶段,我国的农村劳动力转移对农业产出的影响不显著；进入上个世纪90年代以后,我国农村劳动力转移对农业产出的影响显著为正。实证结果也支持上述理论分析的结果。最后,结合理论和实证分析,本文对全文的研究结论做出了总结说明,并提出了相关的政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and urbanization in China, rural labor force has been transferred to cities and towns. The study of the influence of rural labor force transfer on agricultural production is of great importance to agriculture, farmers and rural areas, and is also an important issue in the process of urbanization in China. In this paper, the historical changes of rural labor transfer from 1949 to 2013 are investigated through historical research methods, and the causes and characteristics of rural labor power transfer in China are deeply analyzed in combination with the historical background and policy environment of each stage. The transfer of rural labor force in China is a rational and independent choice of farmers under the guidance of national policies, and it has obvious stages. They are the control stage, the initial stage, the development stage, the adjustment stage, the accelerated development stage and the new stage of orderly development of rural labor force transfer. The main characteristics of rural labor force transfer in 1980s are "not leaving the land", and the characteristics of farmers' concurrent employment are very obvious. In the 1990s, the proportion of rural labor force moving out has increased. However, most of the family members remain in rural areas, which is characterized by the cross-regional division of non-agricultural production and agricultural production of family members. Since the beginning of this century, the transfer of rural labor force has continued to deepen, and a considerable part of the rural labor force is characterized by "leaving the land and leaving the country", and there is a marked differentiation within the peasant group. Theoretically, when the rural labor force is in the absolute surplus stage, the rural labor force transfer has no effect on the agricultural output; with the continuous transfer of the rural labor force, the rural labor force is over from absolute surplus to relative surplus. The marginal output of rural labor force is increasing continuously, and the transfer of rural labor force will produce the effect of allocation of labor resources, which will have a negative impact on agricultural output. However, the transfer of rural labor force increases agricultural production capacity through the effect of capital substitution and land transfer, and a series of preferential policies on agriculture, rural areas and farmers issued by the state also increase the input to agriculture and improve the agricultural output ability. Therefore, the final impact of rural labor transfer on agricultural output depends on the comprehensive role of the above aspects. Through the empirical test of the influencing factors of agricultural output level in China from 1978 to 2013, we can draw the following conclusions: in general, the rural labor force transfer in China has promoted agricultural production, and in the primary stage of rural labor force transfer, The influence of rural labor force transfer on agricultural output is not significant, and the influence of rural labor force transfer on agricultural output is significant positive after the 1990s. The empirical results also support the results of the above theoretical analysis. Finally, combined with theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper makes a summary of the conclusions of this paper, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F320

【相似文献】