我国农户信用影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-07-03 20:38

本文选题：二维信用 + 农户信用　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村金融作为现代农村经济的核心,其发展滞后已经成为阻碍当前农村经济发展的重要因素。近十余年来,出台的中央一号文件对农村金融问题给予越来越高的关注,2014年一号文件指出,加快农村金融制度创新,强化金融机构服务“三农”职责。与此同时,十八届三中全会明确提出了要发展普惠金融,让金融改革与发展的成果更多更好地惠及所有地区、所有人群,这对促进城乡一体化发展具有重要意义,也可为金融机构的发展带来新的机遇。然而,在推行普惠金融体系时,却发现我国农村地区缺乏信用的土壤。农户在获得农村信用社的小额贷款后,由于缺少信用意识,故意拖欠和不审慎使用贷款的情况普遍存在,导致农村信用社面临很大的风险,这也是长期以来农户贷款难,而农村金融机构却惜贷的重要原因。信用作为一种获得信任以及交易机会的资本,经济活动主体利用这种资本能够顺利扩大交际圈子,提高其持续交易的能力。因此,从信用视角出发,探索影响农户信用的因素,进而提高农户信用水平,对解决农户持续健康发展的资金需求,促进农村金融部门有效地支持“三农”的发展,具有重要的现实和理论意义。本文把农户信用界定为二维信用,即守信意愿和守信能力。文章将从农户二维信用角度出发来研究农户信用的影响因素。本文基于2011年北京大学公布的中国家庭追踪调查的微观数据,从农户信贷额度视角考察中国农户信用及其影响因素,采用Tobit模型来研究农户信用的影响因素及在正规金融机构、亲戚朋友以及民间信贷组织之间的异质性差异,并采用Heckman两步法模型进行了稳健性检验。实证结果表明,从事农业生产的农户比从事非农业生产的农户守信意愿强。家庭财富是农户经营成果的表现,正向影响农户的守信能力。家庭人口特征中的不同因素对农户信用能力也有正负不同的影响。另外,品行和家庭收入对农户信用的影响在正规金融机构中较显著,而教育程度对其信用的影响在亲戚朋友中较显著。针对影响农户信用的决定性因素及其作用方向,文章提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern rural economy, rural finance has become an important factor hindering the development of rural economy. In the past ten years, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee has paid more and more attention to the rural financial problems. In 2014, it pointed out that it is necessary to speed up the innovation of the rural financial system and strengthen the responsibility of the financial institutions to serve the "three rural areas". At the same time, the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed the development of inclusive finance so that the fruits of financial reform and development can benefit all regions and all people in a better way. This is of great significance to promoting the integration of urban and rural development. It can also bring new opportunities for the development of financial institutions. However, in carrying out the inclusive financial system, we found that there is a lack of credit in the rural areas of our country. After obtaining small loans from rural credit cooperatives, due to the lack of credit awareness, deliberate default and improper use of loans, rural credit cooperatives are facing great risks, which is also a long time difficult for farmers to lend. However, rural financial institutions are reluctant to lend an important reason. As a kind of capital to gain trust and trade opportunity, the main body of economic activity can use this capital to expand the circle of communication smoothly and improve its ability of continuous transaction. Therefore, from the perspective of credit, this paper explores the factors that affect the credit of farmers, and then improves the credit level of farmers, solves the financial needs of farmers' sustainable and healthy development, and promotes the rural financial sector to effectively support the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It has important practical and theoretical significance. In this paper, farmers' credit is defined as two-dimensional credit, that is, will to keep credit and ability to keep credit. This paper will study the influencing factors of farmers' credit from the perspective of farmers' two-dimensional credit. Based on the microcosmic data of Chinese household tracing survey published by Peking University in 2011, this paper investigates the credit of Chinese farmers and its influencing factors from the perspective of peasant household credit line. The Tobit model is used to study the influencing factors of peasant household credit and its influence in formal financial institutions. The heterogeneity between relatives and friends and private credit organizations was tested by Heckman two-step model. The empirical results show that farmers engaged in agricultural production are more willing to keep their promises than those engaged in non-agricultural production. Family wealth is the performance of farmers' management results, and positively affects their ability to keep their promises. The different factors of family population have different effects on farmers' credit ability. In addition, the influence of character and family income on farmers' credit is more significant in formal financial institutions, while the influence of education level on their credit is more significant among relatives and friends. In view of the decisive factors and the direction of affecting farmers' credit, the paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F832.35

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