西丰县农村贫困现状及扶贫对策分析

发布时间：2018-07-04 10:20

  本文选题：西丰县 + 农村贫困　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：贫困是影响人类生存发展的世界性三大难题之一,不仅严重阻碍贫穷国家经济和社会发展,也是地区冲突、恐怖主义和环境恶化等问题的根源之一,因此世界各国对贫困问题都给予了高度关注。从1986年至今,中国的贫困人口减少了 7亿多人,成绩斐然,但仍面临严峻的挑战。按照每天人均支出1.9美元贫困线,中国的贫困人口数仍排世界第三位,占世界贫困人口总数的7%,且剩余贫困人口贫困程度更深,脱贫难度更大。要实现2020年农村贫困人口全部脱贫,全面建成小康社会,实现第一个百年目标,扶贫工作至关重要。2017年我国制订了再减少农村贫困人口 1000万的目标,时间紧,任务重,需要汇聚全面深化改革的强大力量,上下联动,综合施策。西丰县是辽宁省重点贫困县,截至2017年,174个行政村,贫困村数占近69%;总人口 35万,农村贫困发生率为8.82%,较辽宁省高6.5个百分点,仍有贫困人口 27376人。要实现西丰县制定的2018年西丰县贫困人口全部脱贫,要抓紧2017年全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的关键之年,深入推进扶贫工作,为建设"富庶、活力、生态、幸福"西丰奠定基础。本文以贫困理论为基础,结合西丰县具体实际,利用2013-2016年辽宁省扶贫统计监测中心数据,分析西丰县的农村贫困现状及扶贫工作。通过分析,发现西丰县农村贫困具有贫困总量大,贫困发生率高;贫困人口收入低、增长慢、来源单一;贫困人口老龄化严重;贫困人口受教育水平低的特征。西丰县贫困成因复杂,主要的致贫成包括因病致贫、缺资金致贫、缺劳动力致贫、缺技术致贫、自生动力不足致贫。西丰县的扶贫工作主要包括基础设施建设扶贫和专项扶贫两方面,其中专项扶贫工作主要包括帮扶扶贫、雨露计划扶贫、小额贷款扶贫、特色产业扶贫、异地搬迁扶贫和旅游扶贫。本文通过灰色关联度分析得出西丰县扶贫措施中,危房改造、发展特色产业、文化建设的效果最显著,但存在文化建设投入不足的问题。通过分析,西丰县扶贫工作取得一定效果,但存在以下问题:扶贫成果不牢固,返贫现象依然存在;经济欠发达,本级财政扶贫能力弱;基础设施建设不完善;帮扶扶贫和雨露计划实施亟须深化;金融扶贫力度不足。针对其扶贫工作存在的问题,提出西丰县今后的扶贫工作要从以下几点推进:一、创新扶贫机制,转变扶贫方式。二、加快经济发展,促进产业升级,提高县级财政扶贫能力。三、完善各项基础设施建设,改善农民生产、生活和发展条件。四,深化专项扶贫工作,包括强化帮扶工作管理和推进雨露计划实施。五,加大农村金融扶贫力度,解决农村贫困人口的资金问题。
[Abstract]:Poverty is one of the world's three major problems affecting the survival and development of mankind. It is not only a serious obstacle to the economic and social development of poor countries, but also one of the root causes of regional conflicts, terrorism and environmental degradation. Therefore, countries all over the world pay great attention to the problem of poverty. Since 1986, China's poor population has fallen by more than 700 million people, outstanding achievements, but still face serious challenges. According to the poverty line of $1.90 per person per day, China still ranks third in the world in terms of the number of people living in poverty, accounting for seven percent of the world's total number of poor people, and the remaining poor people are more impoverished and more difficult to get out of poverty. In order to achieve the goal of lifting all the rural poor out of poverty, building a well-off society in an all-round way and achieving the first century-old goal, poverty alleviation work is of vital importance. In 2017, China set the goal of reducing the number of rural poor people by 10 million again, with a tight time and a heavy task. Need to pool comprehensive deepening of the reform of the powerful forces, linked up and down, comprehensive strategy. Xifeng County is a key poor county in Liaoning Province. As of 2017, 174 administrative villages accounted for nearly 69 villages with a total population of 350000, and the incidence of rural poverty was 8.82 percentage points, 6.5 percentage points higher than that in Liaoning Province. There are still 27376 poor people. In order to achieve the goal of lifting all the poor people out of poverty in Xinfeng County in 2018, we must seize the key year of the decisive stage of building a well-off society in 2017, and promote the work of poverty alleviation in depth, in order to build "wealth, vitality, and ecology." Happiness "Xifeng laid the foundation." Based on the theory of poverty and the practice of Xinfeng County, this paper analyzes the current situation of rural poverty and poverty alleviation in Xinfeng County by using the data of Liaoning Provincial Poverty Alleviation Statistical Monitoring Center during 2013-2016. Through analysis, it is found that the rural poverty in Xifeng County has the characteristics of large total poverty, high incidence of poverty, low income, slow growth and single source, serious aging of the poor population and low education level of the poor population. The causes of poverty in Xifeng County are complicated. The main causes of poverty include poverty caused by illness, lack of funds, poverty caused by lack of labor force, poverty caused by lack of technology, and poverty caused by lack of self-generating power. The poverty alleviation work in Xifeng County mainly includes two aspects: infrastructure construction, poverty alleviation and special poverty alleviation. Among them, the special poverty alleviation work mainly includes helping the poor, rain and dew programs, small loans, and special industries. Relocation, poverty alleviation and tourism poverty alleviation. Through the analysis of grey correlation degree, this paper draws the conclusion that in the measures of poverty alleviation in Xinfeng County, the effect of reconstruction of dangerous houses, the development of characteristic industries and the construction of culture is the most remarkable, but the problem of insufficient investment in cultural construction exists. Through analysis, Xinfeng County has achieved certain results in poverty alleviation, but the following problems exist: the results of poverty alleviation are not firm, the phenomenon of returning to poverty still exists, the economy is underdeveloped, the financial ability of poverty alleviation is weak at the same level, and the infrastructure construction is not perfect; It is urgent to deepen the implementation of poverty alleviation and rain-dew plan; the financial poverty alleviation is insufficient. In view of the problems existing in the work of helping the poor in Xinfeng County, this paper puts forward that the future poverty alleviation work in Xinfeng County should be carried out in the following aspects: first, innovate the mechanism of poverty alleviation and change the way of poverty alleviation. Second, speed up economic development, promote industrial upgrading, and improve the ability of county finance to help the poor. Third, improve infrastructure construction and improve farmers' production, living and development conditions. Fourth, deepen special poverty alleviation work, including strengthening the management of help work and promoting the implementation of the rain and dew plan. Fifth, strengthen the efforts of rural financial poverty alleviation, and solve the problem of funds for the poor in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8
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本文编号：2095750