山东解放区族田分配问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 22:14

本文选题：山东解放区 + 族田　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宗族是中国传统社会中较普遍的一种组织,宗族之经济支撑族田亦是近代经济史研究的重要内容。土改之前的山东族田来源渠道多元、规模较小,在管理上通过严选管理人、保存所有权信息等方式保护族田。但是土改之前,特别是抗战期间,由于人地矛盾及战乱等因素,山东族田总体上是处于增长极缓慢甚至停滞的状态。中国共产党对宗族即族田的态度与政策是否定的,在其革命实践中也是一贯而灵活地坚持着。在革命早期,中共在理论、实践上对宗族、族田采取坚决否定的态度与措施。抗战期间,为维护统一战线,推行公平负担,清理地权,同时实行减租减息政策,首次对族田经营产生了影响,部分家族顺势对族田经管方式进行了调整。抗战胜利后,通过反奸诉苦、清理黑地,将各权势户、汉奸的财产包括其侵、霸的族田进行"阶级化"分配。既赢得了广大农民特别是得地农民的热烈支持,同时也使干部能够掌握了相当一部分"机动田"作为进一步动员民众的物质基础。随着国共和谈破裂,各解放区战云密布,为赢得农民支持,必须进行更深入动员。中共适时调整了策略,对族田的政策发生了转变。《九一指示》发布后,在胶东等老解放区,借助战争紧张形势族田处理重心由侧重反奸、双减解决无地少地农民渐渐转移到解决军属土地、进行战争动员上来。通过"公田"的分配-积聚-再分配,将广布民间的祭田逐渐转为"复员田"、"军火田"等战时"新公田",传统族田逐渐消解于无形。在此基础上,笔者还观察了山东族田在土改中被分配背后的原因:土改分配族田的同时施以建设措施,初步解决贫苦族众的生产生活问题——这是族田对族众特别是贫苦族众经济上的"吸引力"。另外,通过斗争族长、毁弃祠堂、族谱等从政治上打击了族权,在摧毁农村原有凝聚中心后,通过阶级观点将群众"组织起来"建立起了新的基层权威,并展开了卓有成效的工作,初步取得了民众认可,传统农村基层权力结构发生了质变。
[Abstract]:Clan is a common organization in Chinese traditional society, and the economic support of clan is also an important content in the study of modern economic history. Before the land reform, Shandong ethnic fields had multiple sources and small scale, so they were protected by strict selection of managers and preservation of ownership information. But before the land reform, especially during the Anti-Japanese War, because of the contradiction between the people and the land and the war and so on, the Shandong nationality farmland was in the state of extremely slow growth or even stagnation on the whole. The attitude and policy of the Communist Party of China towards the clan is negatived, and it has been consistently and flexibly adhered to in its revolutionary practice. In the early revolutionary period, the Chinese Communist Party took firm negative attitude and measures towards clan and clan in theory and practice. During the War of Resistance against Japan, in order to maintain the United front, carry out fair burden, clean up land rights, and carry out the policy of reducing rent and interest at the same time, for the first time, it had an impact on the management of the clan farm, and some families adjusted the management mode of the clan farm. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, through anti-traitorous complaints, clearing up the black land, the property of all powerful families and traitors, including their invasion, was "classed" distributed in the overlord's ethnic fields. It not only won the enthusiastic support of the peasants, especially the peasants, but also enabled the cadres to master a considerable number of "mobile fields" as the material basis for further mobilization of the people. With the breakdown of the KMT-CPC peace talks, the liberated areas are full of war, and more mobilization must be carried out to win the support of the peasants. The Communist Party of China adjusted its strategy at the right time and changed its policy on ethnic fields. After the issuance of the "91 Directive," in the old liberated areas such as Jiaodong, the focus of dealing with ethnic fields in the tense situation of war shifted from anti-traitors to anti-traitors. The peasants gradually transferred to the military land and mobilized for war. Through the distribution, accumulation and redistribution of "Gong Tian", the widely distributed folk sacrifice fields were gradually converted into "demobilized fields", "munitions fields" and other wartime "new public fields", and the traditional ethnic fields were gradually eliminated from the invisible. On this basis, the author also observed the reasons behind the distribution of Shandong ethnic fields in the land reform: land reform and distribution of ethnic fields at the same time the construction measures, A preliminary solution to the problem of production and life of the poor is the economic attraction of the fields to the poor, especially the poor. In addition, through the struggle for clan leaders, the destruction of ancestral halls and family tree, and so on, they have been politically attacked against clan rights. After destroying the old rural agglomeration centers, the masses were "organized" to establish a new grass-roots authority through the class view. And has launched the fruitful work, has obtained the populace approval preliminarily, the traditional rural grass-roots power structure has taken place the qualitative change.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F329;K269.6

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