基于粮食安全的新型农业经营主体培育研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:10

本文选题：粮食安全 + 新型农业经营主体　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业是一个国家的基础,粮食是人类得以生存的根本。而粮食安全问题,自从人类出现就存在,在人类历史上经常会发生饥荒现象。我国作为13亿的人口大国,粮食需求量要比其他国家大很多。改革开放30余年来,家庭联产承包经营责任制的实现,使粮食生产有了突破性发展,农民作为微观经营主体显示出了强大活力。但随着现代农业发展持续加速,家庭承包责任制逐渐突显出来规模小和经营分散等问题。在我国城乡分工分业加速调整下,农业人口锐减,农业劳动主体主要为老人和妇女,农民抛荒现象日益严重,急需解决“谁来种地”、“以什么方式经营农业”等问题。随着我国经济的不断发展,大量农民转移到城镇,并且农业的弱质性和粮食生产收益不高等问题,直接导致我国的粮食安全形势不容乐观。因此,加快构建新型农业经营体系,培育新型农业经营主体,才是创新我国种粮微观主体的根本方向。基于此,本文在中共中央大力提倡发展新型农业经营主体的前提下,通过对当前我国农业的发展现状及粮食安全现状着手,借鉴了国外相关的经营主体发展经验,比较不同农业经营主体的生产经营特点和利益诉求差异,以及各国农业政策、经营主体的特征差异。然后,分析基于粮食安全的新型农业经营主体培育的制约因素,并提出相应的对策和建议,以求提供理论和现实参考。本文一共分为七个部分,主要内容可以总括为：第一章为引言部分,主要对文章的选题意义,研究目的、思路及方法等进行了简要介绍。同时对国内外已有的有关粮食安全与农业经营主体的学术成果进行梳理和简要评述。第二章是相关理论概述。明确了粮食安全和新型农业经营主体的概念界定,并对粮食安全、、新型农业经营主体等相关理论知识进行了简要的介绍。第三部长描述的是粮食安全与农业经营主体。主要介绍了我国粮食总产量和粮食进出口的现状,全球化背景下我国粮食对外依存度的变动趋势及其安全风险。说明粮食安全与农业经营主体的选择关系,并阐述了基于粮食安全背景下培育新型农业经营主体的必要性。第四章是我国新型农业经营主体的现状分析。主要介绍了我国农业发展的现状及面临的挑战,还有家庭农场、专业大户等新型农业经营主体的现状。第五章是基于粮食安全的新型农业经营主体比较分析。比较我国不同新型农业经营主体的生产经营特点和利益诉求差异。并且对美、日、韩等国的农业政策及农业经营主体发展特点进行了简要介绍,并结合我国的具体国情,提出几点启示。第六章提出了基于粮食安全的新型农业经营主体培育的制约因素。分别从产出导向与利润导向、宏观上人多地少与微观上人少地多、适度规模经营与农地产权制度几个角度,分析制约因素。最后一章是本文的研究结论与对策建议。在此部分笔者对全文进行了总结,并提出了基于粮食安全的新型农业经营主体培育的建议。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of a country, and grain is the basis for human survival. And food security has existed since the emergence of human beings, and famine often occurs in human history. As a big country of 1 billion 300 million population, the demand for grain is much larger than that of other countries. For more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the household contracted management responsibility system The realization of grain production has made a breakthrough in the development of grain production. Farmers have shown strong vitality as the main body of micro management. But with the continuous acceleration of the development of modern agriculture, the family contract responsibility system has gradually highlighted the problems of small scale and decentralized management. Under the acceleration and adjustment of the division of labor and division of labor in China and the countryside, the agricultural population is sharply reduced and the main main body of agricultural labor is the main subject. For the elderly and women, the phenomenon of farmers' shortage is becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to solve the problem of "who to plant land" and "how to manage agriculture". With the continuous development of China's economy, a large number of farmers have been transferred to cities and towns, and the weak quality of agriculture and the low yield of grain production have directly led to the unhappiness of the food security situation in China. Therefore, to speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system and cultivate a new type of agricultural management body is the fundamental direction of the innovation of the micro subject of grain grain in China. Based on this, this article, under the premise that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is vigorously promoting the development of new agricultural management, begins with the current situation of the development of agriculture and the status of food security in China, and draws lessons from the country. The development experience of the external related management body is made to compare the characteristics of the production and management of different agricultural operators and the differences of interest demands, as well as the differences in the characteristics of the agricultural policies and operating subjects of various countries. Then, the restrictive factors for the cultivation of the new agricultural management subject based on the food security are analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in order to provide the theory and the theory. The main contents of this paper are divided into seven parts. The main content can be summarized as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which is a brief introduction to the significance of the topic, the purpose, the thought and the method of the research. At the same time, the academic achievements about the food security and the agricultural management owners are reviewed and briefly reviewed at home and abroad. Second The chapter defines the concept of grain security and new agricultural management subject, and briefly introduces the theoretical knowledge of grain security and new agricultural management subject. Third the minister describes the food security and the main body of agricultural management. It mainly introduces the total grain output and the grain import and export of our country. The change trend and safety risk of grain foreign dependence in China under the background of globalization, and the selection relationship between grain security and the main body of agricultural management, and the necessity of cultivating new agricultural management subject under the background of grain security. The fourth chapter is the present situation analysis of the new agricultural management subject in China. The main introduction is our country. The present situation of agricultural development and the challenges faced by the new agricultural management subject, such as family farm, professional big family, and so on. The fifth chapter is a comparative analysis of the new agricultural management subject based on grain security. Comparison of the production and management characteristics and interest demands of different new types of agricultural management in China. And the agriculture of the United States, Japan, Korea and other countries. The development characteristics of the policy and the agricultural management subject are briefly introduced, and some enlightenments are put forward in combination with the specific national conditions of our country. The sixth chapter puts forward the restrictive factors for the cultivation of new agricultural management subject based on grain security. The final chapter is the conclusion and Countermeasures of this paper. In this part, the author makes a summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions on the cultivation of new agricultural management based on the food security.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.11

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