农业县与工业县农村居民点时空演变及驱动力对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 19:57

【摘要】：农村居民点是农村人口生活与生产的空间单元,是由房屋、道路、植被和一些公共设施共同构成的综合体[1],是在特定的地理环境和社会经济背景下人类活动与自然条件相互作用的综合产物,其变化受自然、社会经济、政策制度等的影响与制约。对于自然条件相似的区域,社会经济条件和政策是影响农村居民点变化的主要原因。因此,不同经济条件的区域其变化规律和驱动机制也存在很大不同。目前,有关研究不足,加强不同经济条件的农村居民点用地时空演变研究,有助于了解农村居民点变化规律,对其农村居民点因地制宜地进行规模控制、布局优化及新农村建设等具有重要的意义。本文以河南省两个典型的农业县(沈丘县)和工业县(项城市)为研究区,以2000-2013年农村居民点时空演变规律为研究对象,在对变化数据进行对比分析的基础上,以GIS空间分析为技术主线,利用空间分析指标对河南省农村居民点演变特征情况进行分析和对比。由于两个县自然条件基本一致,所以本文主要从社会经济条件驱动力方面进行定性和定量描述,深入分析社会经济类型不同的县级居民点的驱动机制。其研究结果为:(1)在时空演变上,农业县和工业县的农村居民点规模有不同特征及变化规律。从人均农村居民点用地水平来看,二者相差不多,但从增幅来看,项城市农村居民点用地平均水平增加的明显大于沈丘县。农业县和工业县的农村居民点变化程度差异明显。从整体来对比两个典型县,发现该时期变化量和变化幅度相差不多,但各乡镇变化却有较大差异,项城市各乡镇变化量和变化幅度较均匀,差异不大,而沈丘县部分乡镇变化幅度非常大,大部分乡镇变化幅度偏小。农业县和工业县农村居民点变化速度整体上差异不大,但在各乡镇普遍性上来看却存在较大差异。农业县农村居民点整体规模小于工业县,但其变化速度基本一致。(2)在驱动力方面,结合沈丘县和项城市农村居民点空间布局变化的特点,定性分析社会经济驱动力可归结为人口因素、经济因素、农村城镇化和工业化、交通和区域城镇的辐射因素等方面。从相关性分析结果得出:整体来说,沈丘县农村居民点各驱动力因子之间存在高度的相关性。而项城市农村居民点各驱动力因子的相关性整体小于沈丘县,还包括一些相关性比较小的因子。从主成分分析结果得出:沈丘县和项城市农村居民点演变的驱动力的相似之处是两个县居民点的驱动力都包含经济的发展,主要体现在GDP、固定资产投资、第二、三产业生产总值、农林牧渔业总产值的增加等方面。不同之处是沈丘县作为典型的农业型县,农村居民点的发展主要依靠农民生活水平的提高和耕地的增加,而项城市作为典型的工业型县,其驱动力主要来源于产业结构的改变和城乡一体化的发展。
[Abstract]:Rural settlements are the living and production space units of the rural population. They are made up of houses, roads, The complex of vegetation and some public facilities, [1] is a composite product of the interaction of human activities with natural conditions in a given geographical environment and socio-economic context, and its changes are subject to nature, social and economic changes, The influence and restriction of policy system and so on. For areas with similar natural conditions, social and economic conditions and policies are the main reasons for the change of rural settlements. Therefore, the law of change and driving mechanism of different economic conditions are also very different. At present, the lack of relevant research, strengthening the study of space-time evolution of rural residential land under different economic conditions is helpful to understand the law of rural residential land change and to control the scale of rural residential areas in accordance with local conditions. Layout optimization and new rural construction are of great significance. In this paper, two typical agricultural counties (Shenqiu county) and industrial counties (cities) in Henan Province are taken as the research areas, and the space-time evolution law of rural residential areas from 2000 to 2013 is taken as the research object. On the basis of comparative analysis of the change data, Taking spatial analysis of GIS as the main technical thread, the evolution characteristics of rural residential areas in Henan Province were analyzed and compared by using spatial analysis index. Because the natural conditions of the two counties are basically the same, this paper mainly describes the driving force of social and economic conditions qualitatively and quantitatively, and deeply analyzes the driving mechanism of different types of social and economic county settlements. The results are as follows: (1) the scale of rural residential areas in agricultural counties and industrial counties has different characteristics and changes in space-time evolution. From the point of view of per capita rural residential land level, the difference between the two is not much, but in terms of the increase, the average level of rural residential land increase is obviously larger than that of Shenqiu county. The change degree of rural residential area of agricultural county and industrial county is obvious difference. Comparing the two typical counties as a whole, it is found that there is not much difference in the amount and range of changes in this period, but there are great differences in the changes of each town and town. The change amount and range of each township in the city is more uniform and the difference is not significant. In Shenqiu County, the range of changes in some villages and towns is very large, and the range of changes in most villages and towns is small. The change rate of rural residential area in agricultural county and industrial county is not different as a whole, but there is great difference in the universality of each township. The overall scale of rural residential area in agricultural county is smaller than that in industrial county, but its changing speed is basically the same. (2) in terms of driving force, combining with the characteristics of spatial distribution change of residential area in Shenqiu County and Xiangcheng City, The qualitative analysis of social and economic driving forces can be attributed to population factors, economic factors, urbanization and industrialization in rural areas, traffic and radiation factors of regional towns and so on. From the correlation analysis results: overall, there is a high correlation among the driving forces of the rural residential areas in Shenqiu County. The correlation of driving force factors in rural and urban settlements is smaller than that in Shenqiu county, and it also includes some relatively small correlation factors. From the results of principal component analysis, it is concluded that the driving force of the evolution of the residential areas in Shenqiu County and Xiangcheng City is that the driving forces of the residential areas in the two counties include economic development, mainly reflected in GDP, fixed assets investment, second, The gross output value of three industries, agriculture, forestry, pastoral and fishery output value increased and so on. The difference is that Shenqiu County is a typical agricultural county, the development of rural residential areas mainly depends on the improvement of farmers' living standards and the increase of cultivated land, while the city is a typical industrial county. Its driving force mainly comes from the change of industrial structure and the development of urban and rural integration.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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