中国农业生产的地块规模经济及其来源分析

发布时间：2018-08-18 16:14

【摘要】：本文着重从地块层面考察规模经济及其来源,探讨要素不可分性对农业生产规模经济的影响。本文以小麦、玉米和水稻三种粮食作物为例,利用来自全国8省的抽样调查数据,考察了地块规模对农机使用、劳动投入、土地投资、粮食单产以及单位产品生产成本的影响。研究发现,尽管地块规模变量并非在每种作物的各方程中都显著,但总的来说,扩大规模会降低农机作业成本、提高农户使用机械和进行土地投资的概率,同时也会降低亩均劳动投入量。从成本方面看,水稻单位产品生产成本随地块规模的扩大而递减,即存在地块规模经济;小麦和玉米单位产品生产成本与地块规模则呈"正U型"关系,表现出由地块规模经济向地块规模不经济转变。从产量方面看,水稻单位面积产量与地块规模呈"正U型"关系,小麦和玉米单位面积产量则随地块规模扩大而递减。成本方面的地块规模经济意味着地块合并整理、地块规模扩大有利于降低成本和增加农民收入;而单位面积产量随地块规模扩大而递减意味着处于撂荒和非粮化边缘的地块应该成为土地整理政策的重点对象。此外,除了地块合并整理外,"联耕联种"等也是地块规模经营的重要形式和有益补充。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the study of scale economy and its source from the plot level, and discusses the influence of factor inseparability on scale economy of agricultural production. Taking wheat, corn and rice as examples, the effects of plot size on agricultural machinery use, labor input, land investment, grain yield and production cost per unit product were investigated by using sampling data from 8 provinces in China. The study found that, although land scale variables are not significant in each crop, in general, scaling up reduces the cost of farm machinery operations and increases the probability that farmers will use machinery and invest in land. At the same time, it will reduce the average amount of labor input. In terms of cost, the production cost of rice per unit product decreases with the increase of plot size, that is, there exists land scale economy, while the production cost per unit product of wheat and corn has a "positive U" relationship with plot size. It shows the transformation from land scale economy to block scale uneconomy. In terms of yield, the yield per unit area of rice was positively U-shaped with the plot size, while the yield of wheat and corn per unit area decreased with the increase of plot size. The cost of land scale economy means land consolidation and consolidation, the expansion of land scale is conducive to reduce costs and increase farmers' income; The decrease of unit area production with the increase of land scale means that the land on the edge of abandonment and non-grain should be the focus of land consolidation policy. In addition, in addition to land consolidation, "joint farming and planting" is also an important form and beneficial supplement of land scale management.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学中国粮食安全研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“刘易斯拐点背景下土地细碎化与农户非农劳动供给和粮食供给”(编号:71473125);国家自然科学基金项目“农地流转合约选择的机制分析及其对农业生产效率的影响研究”(编号:71673290) 国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“完善国家粮食安全保障体系研究”(编号:14ZDA038) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目的资助
【分类号】：F323

【相似文献】