基于DEA模型的我国渔业科技效率实证分析

发布时间：2018-08-19 13:54

【摘要】：在我国经济增速放缓趋势越来越明显的大环境下,2015年中央一号文件继续把焦点锁定在“三农”问题上,农业对我国经济的基础推动作用可见一斑。自2007年以来,每年的中央一号文件都直接强调农业科技创新的重要作用,2015年中央一号文件继续强调需要“强化农业科技创新驱动作用”。渔业作为农业的重要组成部分,在我国国民经济各个方面发挥着重要作用。然而,加快我国渔业的发展所面临的形势依然严峻,优质渔业资源的稀缺、来自其他国家的激烈竞争、全球经济的整体疲软趋势等因素都制约着我国渔业的可持续健康发展。要提高渔业科技创新产出有两条路径:一是粗放式的增长路径,即通过增加技术创新投入来提高创新产出。第二条路径是集约式增长路径,即通过创新机制和完善体制,优化渔业科技创新资源配置、激发创新主体工作热情,提高渔业科技创新效率,通过效率提高增加科技创新产出,并且吸引社会资金投入。无论从继续增加政府科技投入提高渔业科技供给角度,还是从探索建立基于效率提高的渔业科技创新机制角度,效率问题比投入问题更值得关注。与投入相比,影响渔业科技创新效率的因素更多,过程更复杂,解决难度也更大。可以说,渔业科技创新效率问题是我国渔业科技创新面临的重大理论问题,也是提高渔业科技持续创新能力,应对国际竞争和满足国内渔业发展需要的重大现实问题。目前专门针对渔业的科技效率的研究还比较少,主要原因是由于关于渔业的科技投入数据是近年来才开始有全面的统计的,而关于效率的测算对时间跨度的要求比较长,所以关于渔业效率的测算还主要集中在技术效率的研究层面。本论文总的研究目的是通过建立一套科学的渔业科技投入产出指标体系和效率测算模型,测算我国渔业科技成果产生效率和渔业科技成果转化成生产力效率,在实证分析的基础上,梳理影响渔业科技创新效率和效率的因素并提出提高渔业效率的对策。本文借鉴相关文献在农业其他领域关于科技效率的研究经验,结合渔业自身的特点,把渔业科技效率的研究分为两个阶段,第一阶段是我国渔业科技成果产生阶段效率的测算,第二阶段是渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力阶段效率的测算。本文分别测算了两个阶段的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,分别分析并综合对比了两个阶段科技效率的发展状况,得到几点结论:第一,近年来我国的渔业技术创新投入产出结构调整收到了一定成效,技术创新的投入产出比率更趋向于合理,截至2012年,我国渔业科技成果产生阶段的效率已经达到了有效水平。第二,高投入带来高产出,但未必带来高效率。一方面,渔业相关论文研究结果和和渔业相关的专利相对于渔业经济发展和渔民收入而言存在投入规模过剩。另一方面,我国渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力规模冗余的状况越来越明显,科技成果存在重复建设的状况,科技成果的转化效率比较低。第三,渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力的规模报酬已经进入递减阶段,继续加大投入可以带来渔业科技成果的增加,但是渔业科技成果对现实生产力的贡献会逐渐减小。在测算出我国渔业科技效率的基础上,本文运用了灰色关联度方法,从渔业科技成果产生阶段和渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力阶段两个方面,分别进行了关于渔业科技投入因素对渔业效率影响程度的研究。从整体水平上来看,无论是渔业科技成果产生阶段还是渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力的阶段,渔业科技投入对于渔业效率的影响程度已经达到了显著的水平,但是没有灰色关联度值达到90%的影响因素。渔业科技成果产生阶段,渔业RD科技活动投入经费对渔业科技成果的规模起着至关重要的作用,而与渔业科技成果本身的技术含量关系并不大,或者说经费投入带来的是规模的扩张,但对技术水平的影响和其他因素相比起来显得微不足道;渔业RD科技活动投入人员的多寡与渔业科技成果息息相关,渔业科技活动人员对渔业科技规模和技术水平的影响是十分重要的;渔业RD科技活动课题数项对科技成果产生规模的影响比较弱,而对纯技术的贡献十分大,这和渔业RD科技活动课题数项本身性质相符合;渔业研究与开发活动固定资产的购建对渔业科技成果产生效率的影响和其他因素相比最不明显,效率的大小和固定资产的多少并没有太直接的关系。渔业科技成果转化成现实生产力阶段,渔业专利对渔业科技效率的贡献远远大于渔业论文对渔业科技的贡献。在纯技术效率方面,渔业科技论文的贡献远远的小于渔业专利的贡献,可见渔业专利的实用价值大于渔业论文的实用价值。理论要结合实践才有现实的意义,对于我国渔业科技效率不足的问题,笔者通过实地调研、访问专家、查阅文献等方法,从科技成果本身和科技成果转化过程两个方面,总结了提高我国渔业科技效率面临的障碍,分析影响我国渔业科技效率的相关因素,探讨如何运用更有效的制度和政策工具来提高我国渔业科技生产系统效率,为我国渔业科技创新投入决策和科技创新政策制定提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Under the circumstance that China's economic growth is slowing down more and more obviously, the central document No. 1 of 2015 continues to focus on the issues of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The basic role of agriculture in promoting China's economy can be seen. Since 2007, the central document No. 1 of each year has directly emphasized the important role of agricultural scientific and technological innovation, and the central document No. 1 of 2015 emphasizes the important role of agricultural scientific and technological innovation. As an important part of agriculture, fishery plays an important role in all aspects of China's national economy. However, to speed up the development of China's fishery is still facing a grim situation, the scarcity of high-quality fishery resources, fierce competition from other countries, global competition. The overall weakness of the economy and other factors restrict the sustainable and healthy development of China's fishery. There are two ways to improve the output of fishery science and technology innovation: one is the extensive growth path, that is, to increase the input of technological innovation to improve the output of innovation. Optimizing the allocation of resources for scientific and technological innovation in fisheries, stimulating the enthusiasm of innovators, improving the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in fisheries, increasing the output of scientific and technological innovation through improving efficiency, and attracting social capital input. From the point of view of innovation mechanism, efficiency is more important than input. Compared with input, there are more factors affecting the efficiency of fishery science and technology innovation, the process is more complicated, and the solution is more difficult. At present, there are few studies on the scientific and technological efficiency of fisheries, mainly because the data on scientific and technological input of fisheries have been collected comprehensively only in recent years, and the calculation of efficiency requires a long time span. The calculation of fishery efficiency mainly focuses on the study of technical efficiency. The overall purpose of this paper is to establish a scientific input-output index system and efficiency calculation model for fishery science and technology, and to calculate the efficiency of fishery science and technology achievements and the efficiency of transforming fishery science and technology achievements into productive forces. Based on the research experience of related literature on scientific and technological efficiency in other fields of agriculture and the characteristics of fishery itself, this paper divides the research on fishery scientific and technological efficiency into two stages. The first stage is the production stage of fishery scientific and technological achievements in China. The second stage is the calculation of the efficiency of the stage when the achievements of fishery science and technology are transformed into the actual productive forces.This paper calculates the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the two stages respectively, analyzes and compares the development of the scientific and technological efficiency of the two stages separately, and draws several conclusions: First, in recent years, China's fishery industry has been transformed into a productive force. As of 2012, the efficiency of fishery scientific and technological achievements in China has reached an effective level. Second, high input brings high output, but it does not necessarily bring high efficiency. On the one hand, the results of the research on fishery related papers and related papers and On the other hand, it is becoming more and more obvious that the achievements of fishery science and technology have been transformed into the redundant scale of real productive forces, that the achievements of science and technology have been duplicated, and that the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements is relatively low. The scale reward that has been transformed into real productive forces has entered a declining stage. Continuing to increase investment can bring about the increase of fishery scientific and technological achievements, but the contribution of fishery scientific and technological achievements to real productive forces will gradually decrease. In this paper, the effects of input factors of fishery science and technology on fishery efficiency were studied from two aspects: the growth stage and the transformation stage of fishery science and technology achievements into real productive forces. In the production stage of fishery scientific and technological achievements, the input funds of fishery RD scientific and technological activities play an important role in the scale of fishery scientific and technological achievements, but have little relationship with the technological content of fishery scientific and technological achievements. In other words, the expenditure brings about the expansion of the scale, but its impact on the technical level is negligible compared with other factors; the number of people invested in fishery RD activities is closely related to the achievements of fishery science and technology, and the impact of fishery science and technology personnel on the scale and technical level of fishery science and technology is very important; fishery RD science and technology The influence of several items of activities on the production scale of scientific and technological achievements is relatively weak, but the contribution to pure technology is very large, which is in accordance with the nature of several items of fishery RD scientific and technological activities; the purchase and construction of fixed assets in fishery research and development activities has the least obvious effect on the efficiency of fishery scientific and technological achievements compared with other factors, and the efficiency is very small. The contribution of fishery patents to the efficiency of fishery science and technology is far greater than that of fishery papers to the efficiency of fishery science and technology. The practical value of the theory is greater than the practical value of the fishery papers.It is of practical significance to combine theory with practice.To solve the problem of the inefficiency of fishery science and technology in China,the author summarizes how to improve the efficiency of fishery science and technology in China by means of field investigation,visiting experts and consulting literature. This paper analyzes the related factors affecting the efficiency of fishery science and technology in China, discusses how to use more effective systems and policy tools to improve the efficiency of fishery science and technology production system, and provides theoretical basis for the decision-making of investment and policy-making of fishery science and technology innovation in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4

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