中国农村贫困标准与贫困监测

发布时间：2018-08-27 13:17

【摘要】：贫困标准是贫困测量的重要基础,准确测量和反映中国农村贫困状况首先需要对国家农村贫困标准测算方法及其代表的实际生活水平有一个清晰准确的判断。为此,本文首先全面梳理了国家农村贫困标准的测算与调整方法,采用纵向历史比较与横向国际比较相结合的方式,深入分析了当前国家农村贫困标准所代表的实际生活水平,以及现行国家农村贫困标准与我国扶贫历史实践中采用过的另外两个贫困标准和世界银行提出的国际贫困标准的差异。然后简要介绍了农村贫困监测体系,并对按照现行国家农村贫困标准衡量的减贫成果和多维贫困缓解情况进行了量化分析。本文主要结论如下:第一,现行国家农村贫困标准符合我国国情和当前发展阶段,是与"两不愁、三保障"相结合的基础上达到稳定温饱要求的标准。第二,按现行国家农村贫困标准测算,改革开放以来我国脱贫成就显著,全国农村贫困人口减少7亿多人。第三,近年来,我国农村脱贫步伐进一步加快,扶贫成效非常显著。全国和贫困地区农村贫困人口大幅下降;贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入增长快于全国农村平均水平;全国和贫困地区农村居民生活条件、基础设施和基本公共服务不断改善。最后,在扶贫实践中,经常会涉及国家标准与地方标准、单一标准与多维标准、贫困监测抽样调查数据与建档立卡数据之间的关系,需要有清晰的认识,并加以妥善处理。本文中使用的数据主要来源于中国住户调查和国家农村贫困监测调查。
[Abstract]:Poverty standard is an important basis of poverty measurement. To accurately measure and reflect the situation of rural poverty in China, it is necessary to have a clear and accurate judgment on the measurement method of national rural poverty standard and the actual standard of living represented by it. Therefore, this paper firstly combs the calculation and adjustment methods of the national rural poverty standard, and analyzes the actual living standard represented by the current national rural poverty standard by combining the vertical historical comparison with the horizontal international comparison. And the difference between the current national rural poverty standard and the other two poverty standards used in the historical practice of poverty alleviation in China and the international poverty standard put forward by the World Bank. Then the monitoring system of rural poverty is briefly introduced, and the results of poverty reduction and multi-dimensional poverty alleviation, which are measured according to the current national rural poverty standard, are analyzed quantitatively. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the current national rural poverty standard conforms to the national conditions and the current stage of development, and is based on the combination of "two no worries, three guarantees" to meet the requirements of stable food and clothing. Second, according to the current national standards of rural poverty, China has achieved remarkable achievements in eradicating poverty since reform and opening up, and the number of rural poor nationwide has decreased by more than 700 million people. Third, in recent years, the pace of poverty alleviation in rural areas has been accelerated. The number of people living in rural poverty in the whole country and in poor areas has dropped substantially; the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poor areas has increased faster than the national average; and the living conditions of rural residents throughout the country and in poor areas have been increased. Infrastructure and basic public services are improving. Finally, in the practice of poverty alleviation, the relationship between the national and local standards, the single standard and the multidimensional standard, the sample survey data of poverty monitoring and the data of building grade card need to be clearly understood and properly dealt with. The data used in this paper mainly come from China Household Survey and National Rural Poverty Monitoring Survey.
【作者单位】：国家统计局;国家统计局住户调查办公室;国家统计局住户调查办公室贫困监测处;
【分类号】：F323.8

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