辽宁省人力资本投资对农民工工资性收入的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 11:49

【摘要】：“农民工”是在中国经济体制改革中孕育而生的一个具有中国特色的群体和词汇。伴随中国改革开放的不断深入、交通愈加便利、信息传播速度不断加快以及人们思想意识的不断改变,大量农村剩余劳动力从乡村转移到城市从事第二、第三产业生产,以此来获取收入即农民的工资性收入。1978年至今,农民总收入中农业收入占比逐年减少,而外出打工收入占比逐年增加。农民的工资收入占家庭人均纯收入的比重已由2000年的31%提高到了2014年的45%。尽管工资收入的增加提高了农民总收入,但与城镇居民收入相比却存在不小的差距,2015年我国城镇居民人均可支配性收入达31126元,而农村居民的人均可支配性收入仅为12057元。改变农民收入水平偏低且增长缓慢的现状,不仅关系到农民自身利益,且与我国社会稳定、经济持续健康的发展有着密不可分的关系。上述问题产生有许多客观的原因,如劳动力市场的供需矛盾、没有明确完善的农民工相关法律法规、城乡二元经济结构等,但是造成农民工收入偏低的根本原因还是由于我国农民工总体人力资本投资不足,最终导致他们无法提高自身的工资水平。因此,运用人力资本相关理论来研究如何增加农民工收入具有现实意义。本文以辽宁省鞍山市失地农民工为例,运用人力资本投资的相关理论和方法,全面分析人力资本投资对农民工工资收入的影响,利用SPSS软件对实际调研的数据进行整理分析,充分了解和掌握人力资本投资现状及工资收入状况并进行描述性统计分析。通过分析发现,鞍山市郊区失去耕地的农民工人力资本投资不足,主要表现为教育投资不足、卫生保健支出较少、培训次数少且时间短、迁移次数少,工作更换次数频繁,并在此基础上运用“Mincer”模型来研究人力资本因素中的各变量和个人特征中的各变量对工资收入的影响。同时,为了更加深入具体的掌握农民工工资收入存在差距的原因,采用分位数回归方法,研究农民工不同的工资收入水平下人力资本因素中各变量对其影响的差异。在结合数据分析结果及调研地区的实际情况的基础上,提出增加农民工人力资本储量的对策建议,以此来增加农民工工资性收入。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers are a group with Chinese characteristics born in the reform of China's economic system. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the increasingly convenient transportation, the accelerating speed of information dissemination and the constant change of people's ideology, a large number of rural surplus labor force has been transferred from the countryside to the city to engage in the production of the second and third industries. Since 1978, the proportion of agricultural income in total income of farmers has decreased year by year, while the proportion of income of migrant workers has increased year by year. Farmers' income as a share of household net income per capita has risen from 31% in 2000 to 45% in 2014. Although the increase of wage income has increased the total income of farmers, there is not a small gap between the income of urban residents and that of urban residents. In 2015, the per capita dominant income of urban residents in China reached 31126 yuan, while that of rural residents was only 12057 yuan. To change the current situation of low income level and slow growth of farmers is not only related to farmers' own interests, but also closely related to social stability and sustained and healthy economic development in China. There are many objective reasons for these problems, such as the contradiction between supply and demand in the labor market, the lack of clear and perfect laws and regulations concerning migrant workers, the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas, and so on. However, the fundamental reason for the low income of migrant workers is the insufficient investment in the overall human capital of migrant workers in China, which ultimately leads to their inability to raise their own wages. Therefore, it is of practical significance to use the theory of human capital to study how to increase the income of migrant workers. Taking the landless migrant workers in Anshan City of Liaoning Province as an example, using the relevant theories and methods of human capital investment, this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of human capital investment on migrant workers' wages and income, and analyzes the actual investigation data by using SPSS software. Fully understand and grasp the current situation of human capital investment and wage income and carry out descriptive statistical analysis. Through analysis, it is found that the human capital investment of migrant workers who have lost cultivated land in Anshan suburb is insufficient, which is mainly manifested by insufficient investment in education, less expenditure on health care, less training times and short time, fewer times of migration and frequent changes of jobs. On this basis, we use "Mincer" model to study the influence of variables in human capital factors and individual characteristics on wage income. At the same time, in order to get a deeper understanding of the reasons for the wage income gap, the quantile regression method is used to study the influence of human capital factors on migrant workers under different wage income levels. Based on the results of data analysis and the actual situation of the investigation area, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase the human capital reserves of migrant workers in order to increase the wage income of migrant workers.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.24

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