大庆市土地利用变化特征及驱动力分析

发布时间：2018-09-03 11:10

【摘要】：快速城市化进程中的土地利用变化及其驱动因子分析是学术界的重点研究对象,为了城市更好地发展,往往可以通过预测的方式来为城市发展前景进行规划,而土地利用变化正是进行预测的核心内容。而正在转型期的资源型城市,正是研究土地利用变化及驱动的代表性实例,正是由于其广泛存在并且资源无法再生才具有较强的现实意义。大庆市是随矿而建的以石油化工为主的工业城市,城镇和工矿用地分布零散,用地浪费现象普遍,集约用地水平较低。本文基于土地利用数量、土地利用程度、土地利用率变化以及土地垦殖率变化等角度,分析了1987-2007年转型期间大庆市土地利用变化特征；应用灰色关联分析法,分析了大庆市在经济飞速发展的情况下,土地利用变化的驱动力会有怎样的变化,并通过对可持续利用的仿真模拟来对未来的发展作出规划。论文的主要结论：(1)从土地利用数量上看,大庆市1987-2007年间,草地、林地及建设用地面积都呈现出增加的趋势,耕地、未利用土地及水域用地面积则表现出不同程度的减少；从土地利用程度上看,大庆市土地利用程度综合指数20年间减少6.76,说明土地利用程度总体下降；从土地利用率来看,1987-2007年大庆市土地利用率逐年增加,说明随着社会经济的发展,土地利用效率日益提高；从土地垦殖率变化来看,大庆市土地垦殖率降低,这反映出大庆市城市化建设正在逐步实现,更多的耕地被城市建设所替代。(2)驱动力分析结果表明,影响耕地与居民点工矿用地变化的主要因子为产业结构变化。作为石油开采为主导产业的城市,大庆市的人口分布、建筑用地、甚至是农用地的分布,均受矿区的开发建设影响。随着石油储存量下降,石油开采的主导产业地位下滑,资源转型期间大庆市第三产业的发展还很滞后,与之相适应的土地利用格局,有待进一步规划；对林地、交通用地面积变化影响最大的均是总人口因子；对水域面积变化影响最大的是非农人口因子。在充分考虑土地可持续利用与诸多复杂因素的关系的基础上,模拟土地不断利用的研究表明,在粮食不足以供给人们的时候,农用耕地依旧在减少,这对于一个依赖资源的城市是毁灭性的,为了改变这个现状,我们必须加强土地利用的合理化,不能盲目的为了经济的增长减少耕地,这对于资源型城市是至关重要的。
[Abstract]:Land use change and its driving factors in the process of rapid urbanization are the key research objects in academia. In order to better urban development, urban development prospects can often be planned by means of forecasting, and land use change is the core content of forecasting. Daqing is a petrochemical industrial city built along with mines. The distribution of urban and industrial land is scattered, the waste of land is common, and the level of intensive land is low. From the viewpoints of land use quantity, land use degree, land use rate change and land reclamation rate change, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change in Daqing during the period of transformation from 1987 to 2007, and applies grey relational analysis method to analyze how the driving force of land use change will change under the condition of rapid economic development in Daqing, and also analyzes the driving force of land use change. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) From the perspective of land use quantity, the area of grassland, woodland and construction land increased from 1987 to 2007 in Daqing, while the area of cultivated land, unused land and water area decreased in varying degrees. In terms of land use degree, the comprehensive index of land use degree decreased by 6.76 in 20 years, indicating the overall decline of land use degree; in terms of land use rate, the land use rate of Daqing increased year by year from 1987 to 2007, indicating that with the development of social economy, land use efficiency is increasing; in terms of land reclamation rate, it is increasing. The decrease of land reclamation rate reflects the gradual realization of urbanization in Daqing and the replacement of more cultivated land by urban construction. (2) The analysis of driving force shows that the main factor affecting the change of cultivated land and residential industrial and mining land is the change of industrial structure. With the decrease of oil reserves, the dominant industrial position of oil exploitation declines, and the development of the tertiary industry in Daqing is still lagging behind during the period of resource transformation. The corresponding land use pattern needs to be further planned. On the basis of fully considering the relationship between sustainable land use and many complex factors, the study of simulated land continuous use shows that when grain is insufficient to supply people, farmland is still decreasing, which is helpful to the sustainable development of agricultural land. A resource-dependent city is devastating. In order to change this situation, we must strengthen the rationalization of land use and not blindly reduce cultivated land for economic growth, which is crucial to resource-based cities.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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