中国贝类产品对欧盟贸易现状及国际竞争力分析
发布时间：2018-09-12 13:47
【摘要】：水产品在全球生产和贸易中占据着重要地位,贝类作为水产品的主要品种,研究其国际竞争力更是尤为重要。中国和欧盟都是水产品生产和出口的主要地区,更是贝类产品的生产和贸易主要地区,分析其相互贸易情况及贝类产品的国际竞争力有着重要意义。本研究通过分析世界、欧盟和中国的贝类产品生产以及贸易的基本情况,尤其是欧盟与中国的贝类产品贸易,对中国贝类产品的国际竞争力进行测算,并探讨影响中国贝类产品出口的主要因素和影响程度,从而为打开欧盟市场提出相应的政策建议,为政府和相关企业制定政策提供理论依据。世界贝类产品产量呈逐年增长态势,生产国家主要分布在亚洲和欧美地区,如中国、韩国、美国、法国和智利。世界贝类产品贸易也呈逐年增长的趋势,进出口都得到迅速的发展,但侧重品种不同,出口贸易中贻贝的出口额最多,进口贸易中则是扇贝进口额较多。欧盟是贝类生产和贸易的主要地区,虽然近几年贝类产量稍有下降,但其占世界贝类产量的比例仍然较高;中国作为世界贝类第一生产大国,产量和贸易都在逐步扩大。分析中国与欧盟在贝类产品中的贸易,可以看出,中国的贝类产品虽然出口规模很大,出口市场也比较多,但是仍然无法出口至欧盟,相反中国每年会从欧盟进口大量的贝类产品。那么中国贝类产品的国际竞争力究竟如何?接下来本研究对中国贝类产品的国际竞争力进行测算。测算选用资源禀赋系数(EF)、国际市场占有率(MS)、显示性比较优势指数(RCA)和贸易竞争优势指数(TC)四个指标。测算结果表明,中国贝类产品在生产要素层面资源禀赋优势最为突出;在进出口层面中,代表市场占有率的国际市场占有率及代表进出口(贸易盈余)的贸易竞争优势都表现出极强的优势,而反映出口所占比例的显示性竞争优势指数则较弱。进而引入贸易引力模型,进一步分析中国贝类产品国际竞争力的主要影响因素和影响程度,实证分析表明,中国和进口国的GDP、中国贝类产品产量以及APEC都与中国贝类产品出口规模呈正相关,中国与进口国的直线距离则与贝类产品出口规模呈负相关。其中,中国贝类产品的产量对贝类出口规模影响最大。在此分析的基础上,可以得出四点结论:中国贝类产品的规模优势较强、比较优势相对较弱、出口品种结构不合理以及对欧盟只有进口没有出口。结合文章全篇分析以及最后的结论,提出相应的三点建议以提高中国贝类产品的出口和国际竞争力,打开欧盟市场,这三点建议包括实施整体战略提高比较优势、合理调整贝类产品出口的品种结构和加强质量安全管理,以期早日突破“禁令”。
[Abstract]:Aquatic products play an important role in global production and trade. As the main species of aquatic products, it is particularly important to study the international competitiveness of shellfish. China and the European Union are the main regions for the production and export of aquatic products as well as the main regions for the production and trade of shellfish products. It is of great significance to analyze the situation of their mutual trade and the international competitiveness of shellfish products. By analyzing the basic situation of shellfish production and trade in the world, the European Union and China, especially the trade between EU and China, this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. It also discusses the main factors and the degree of influence on the export of Chinese shellfish products, so as to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for opening up the EU market and provide the theoretical basis for the government and related enterprises to formulate policies. The output of shellfish products in the world is increasing year by year. The producing countries are mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and America, such as China, Korea, USA, France and Chile. The trade of shellfish products in the world is also increasing year by year, and the import and export have been developed rapidly, but with different varieties, the export value of mussels is the most in export trade, and the import amount of scallop is more in import trade. The European Union is the main region of shellfish production and trade. Although the production of shellfish has decreased slightly in recent years, the proportion of shellfish production in the world is still relatively high, and China, as the world's largest shellfish producer, is gradually expanding its output and trade. After analyzing the trade between China and the EU in shellfish products, we can see that although China's shellfish products are exported on a large scale and in more export markets, they are still unable to export to the EU. Instead, China imports a lot of shellfish from the EU every year. What about the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products? Then this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The index of (MS), comparative advantage and the index of trade competitive advantage (TC) are calculated and selected. The index of resource endowment coefficient is (EF), the international market share is (MS), and the index of trade competitive advantage is (TC). The results show that China's shellfish products have the most outstanding resource endowment advantages at the production factor level, and in the import and export level, Both the international market share representing the market share and the trade competitive advantage representing the import and export (trade surplus) show very strong advantages, while the indicative competitive advantage index, which reflects the proportion of exports, is relatively weak. Then the trade gravity model is introduced to further analyze the main influencing factors and the degree of influence on the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The output of Chinese shellfish products and APEC of China and importing countries are positively correlated with the export scale of Chinese shellfish products, while the linear distance between China and importing countries is negatively correlated with the export scale of shellfish products. Among them, the output of Chinese shellfish products has the biggest impact on the scale of shellfish export. On the basis of this analysis, four conclusions can be drawn: the scale advantage of Chinese shellfish products is relatively strong, the comparative advantage is relatively weak, the export variety structure is unreasonable, and there is no export to EU only. Combined with the whole analysis and the final conclusion, the paper puts forward three corresponding suggestions to improve the export and international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products, and to open up the EU market. These three suggestions include the implementation of the overall strategy to enhance comparative advantage. Adjust the variety structure of shellfish export reasonably and strengthen quality and safety management in order to break through the ban as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4;F752.8
[Abstract]:Aquatic products play an important role in global production and trade. As the main species of aquatic products, it is particularly important to study the international competitiveness of shellfish. China and the European Union are the main regions for the production and export of aquatic products as well as the main regions for the production and trade of shellfish products. It is of great significance to analyze the situation of their mutual trade and the international competitiveness of shellfish products. By analyzing the basic situation of shellfish production and trade in the world, the European Union and China, especially the trade between EU and China, this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. It also discusses the main factors and the degree of influence on the export of Chinese shellfish products, so as to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for opening up the EU market and provide the theoretical basis for the government and related enterprises to formulate policies. The output of shellfish products in the world is increasing year by year. The producing countries are mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and America, such as China, Korea, USA, France and Chile. The trade of shellfish products in the world is also increasing year by year, and the import and export have been developed rapidly, but with different varieties, the export value of mussels is the most in export trade, and the import amount of scallop is more in import trade. The European Union is the main region of shellfish production and trade. Although the production of shellfish has decreased slightly in recent years, the proportion of shellfish production in the world is still relatively high, and China, as the world's largest shellfish producer, is gradually expanding its output and trade. After analyzing the trade between China and the EU in shellfish products, we can see that although China's shellfish products are exported on a large scale and in more export markets, they are still unable to export to the EU. Instead, China imports a lot of shellfish from the EU every year. What about the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products? Then this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The index of (MS), comparative advantage and the index of trade competitive advantage (TC) are calculated and selected. The index of resource endowment coefficient is (EF), the international market share is (MS), and the index of trade competitive advantage is (TC). The results show that China's shellfish products have the most outstanding resource endowment advantages at the production factor level, and in the import and export level, Both the international market share representing the market share and the trade competitive advantage representing the import and export (trade surplus) show very strong advantages, while the indicative competitive advantage index, which reflects the proportion of exports, is relatively weak. Then the trade gravity model is introduced to further analyze the main influencing factors and the degree of influence on the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The output of Chinese shellfish products and APEC of China and importing countries are positively correlated with the export scale of Chinese shellfish products, while the linear distance between China and importing countries is negatively correlated with the export scale of shellfish products. Among them, the output of Chinese shellfish products has the biggest impact on the scale of shellfish export. On the basis of this analysis, four conclusions can be drawn: the scale advantage of Chinese shellfish products is relatively strong, the comparative advantage is relatively weak, the export variety structure is unreasonable, and there is no export to EU only. Combined with the whole analysis and the final conclusion, the paper puts forward three corresponding suggestions to improve the export and international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products, and to open up the EU market. These three suggestions include the implementation of the overall strategy to enhance comparative advantage. Adjust the variety structure of shellfish export reasonably and strengthen quality and safety management in order to break through the ban as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4;F752.8
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